Dakelh

Carrier

Na-Dené (Athabaskan, Northern)

FamilyNa-Dené (Athabaskan, Northern) Speakers~2K ScriptLatin (with diacritics) CountriesCanada (British Columbia interior) Official inNo (recognized aboriginal) Vitalitydefinitely endangered ISO 639-3crx

Carrier (Dakelh) is a Northern Athabaskan language native to the central interior of British Columbia, Canada, with ~600 mostly elderly speakers across multiple dialect-variant communities. The English name "Carrier" comes from the cultural practice where widows carried the cremated remains of deceased husbands. Ten dialect groups including Stuart Lake, Nazko, and Babine-Witsuwit'en. Tonal language with complex prefix-rich verb morphology typical of Athabaskan. Carrier syllabics (1885 Father Adrien-Gabriel Morice) and modern Latin orthography both used; UBC and the First Nations Education Steering Committee support revitalization.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Carrier

Water

tu

/tu/

Fire

kwen

/kʷen/

Sun

sa

/sa/

Moon

sa-tlhaeh

/sa tɬaeh/

Star

sun

/sən/

Mother

oo

/oː/

Father

abe

/abe/

I

si

/si/

You

nen

/nen/

Name

uzi

/uzi/

Eye

ʼunaq

/ʔunaq/

Hand

la

/la/

Heart

ʼunjid

/ʔundʒid/

Love

sjut

/sdʒut/

Tree

dechen

/detʃen/

House

yoh

/joh/

Dog

łi

/ɬi/

Cat

gus

/ɡus/

Eat

ʼoonjuh

/ʔoːndʒuh/

Drink

dunjuh

/dundʒuh/

One

ʼulhah

/ʔuɬah/

Two

nanki

/nanki/

Hello

ʼahdoozaee

/ʔahdoːzaː/

Thank you

snachailya

/snatʃailja/

Good

nezuʼ

/nezuʔ/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Na-Dené (Athabaskan, Northern) languages

Meaning CarrierChipewyanKoyukonWestern ApacheBislamaPijinWolaytta
Water tu /tu/ tu /tu/ too /toː/ tu /tu/ wota /wota/ wata /wata/ haatta /haːtːa/
Fire kwen /kʷen/ kʼón /kʼón/ konh /konh/ kǫʼ /kṍʔ/ faea /faea/ faea /faja/ tama /tama/
Sun sa /sa/ sa /sa/ so /so/ shándaʼá /ʃándaːʔá/ san /san/ san /san/ awa /awa/
Moon sa-tlhaeh /sa tɬaeh/ hadelyi /haðeli/ oolts'enh /ooltsʼenh/ tłʼéʼsanaaʼái /tɬʔeʔsanaːʔai/ mun /mun/ mun /mun/ aginaa /aɡinaː/
Star sun /sən/ thën /θən/ so /sɔ/ sǫʼs /sṍːs/ sta /sta/ sta /sta/ xoolinttee /tʼoːlintːeː/
Mother oo /oː/ ená /ena/ enaa /enaː/ shimá /ʃima/ mama /mama/ mami /mami/ aaya /aːja/
Father abe /abe/ etá /eta/ etaa /etaː/ shitaa /ʃitaː/ papa /papa/ dadi /dadi/ aawa /aːwa/
I si /si/ si /si/ see /siː/ shí /ʃí/ mi /mi/ mi /mi/ taani /taːni/
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