Jinghpaw

Jingpo (Kachin)

Sino-Tibetan (Sal, Jingpho)

FamilySino-Tibetan (Sal, Jingpho) Speakers~900K ScriptLatin (Jinghpaw orthography); Chinese-style romanization in China CountriesMyanmar (Kachin State); China (Yunnan, as Jingpo) Official inMyanmar (Kachin State); China (autonomous prefecture) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3kac

Jingpho (Kachin, called Jǐngpō in China) is the principal Sal-branch Tibeto-Burman language of northern Myanmar's Kachin State and adjacent Yunnan, with ~900K speakers. Functions as the lingua franca of the multi-ethnic Kachin people, who speak six distinct languages but share a common identity. Tonal (4 tones), with verb-final word order and elaborate evidentiality marking. Latin orthography developed by American Baptist missionary Ola Hanson in 1895, with diacritics for tone (Hanson script remains standard). Used in primary education in Kachin State.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Jingpo (Kachin)

Water

hka

/kʰaː˧/

Fire

wan

/waːn˧/

Sun

jan

/dʒan˧/

Moon

shata

/ʃata˧/

Star

shagan

/ʃəɡan/

Mother

nu

/nu˧/

Father

wa

/wa˧/

I

ngai

/ŋai/

You

nang

/naŋ/

Name

mying

/mjiŋ/

Eye

myi

/mji˧/

Hand

lata

/lata˧/

Heart

salum

/salum/

Love

tsaw ra

/tsau˧ra˧/

Tree

hpun

/pʰun˧/

House

nta

/nta˧/

Dog

gwi

/ɡwi˧/

Cat

nyaung

/ɲauŋ˧/

Eat

sha

/ʃa˧/

Drink

lu

/lu˧/

One

langai

/laŋai˧/

Two

lahkawng

/ləkʰoŋ/

Hello

kaja i

/kadʒa˧i˧/

Thank you

chyeju kaba

/tʃedʒu˧kaba˧/

Good

kaja

/kadʒa˧/

Cuckoo

kukdun

/kúk dùn/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Sino-Tibetan (Sal, Jingpho) languages

Meaning Jingpo (Kachin)AkhaAzheTangutPwo KarenNaxiHakka Chinese
Water hka /kʰaː˧/ i tsi /i˧tsɨ˧/ ʑɿ /ʑɿ˧˧/ 𗀚 /tjɨ˧/ ထံ /tʰî/ ggee /ɡɯ̄/ /sui˧˩/
Fire wan /waːn˧/ mji /mji˧/ mi /mī/ 𘎩 /me˧/ မ့ၣ် /me˨˩/ mee /mɯ˧/ /fo˧˩/
Sun jan /dʒan˧/ nyi ma /ɲi˧ma˧/ ŋni /ŋnʲi˧˧/ 𘂴 /pjij˧˥/ မုန် /mu˧/ ny-mei /ɲi˧mi˧/ 日头 /ŋit˧tʰeu˧˥/
Moon shata /ʃata˧/ ba la /ba˧la˧/ ɬɛ /ɬɛ˧˧/ 𗏯 /lja˧˥/ လး /la˧/ he-mei /hɯ˧mi˧/ 月光 /ŋiet˧koŋ˥/
Star shagan /ʃəɡan/ aqgeu /a˨˩ɡɯ˥/ kɿ /kɿ˧/ 𗄓 /gjɨ˧˥/ ဆါ /ʃa˧/ gee /kɯ˧/ /sen˦/
Mother nu /nu˧/ a ma /a˧ma˧/ amo /amo˧˧/ 𘎒 /ma˧˥/ မိ /mu˧˥/ mei /mei˧/ 阿姆 /a˥me˥/
Father wa /wa˧/ a da /a˧da˧/ ada /ada˧˧/ 𗥃 /pa˧/ ဖါ /pʰa/ av /a˧/ 阿爸 /a˥pa˥/
I ngai /ŋai/ nga /ŋa˧/ ŋa /ŋā/ 𗧓 /ŋa˧˥/ /jə˧/ ngeq /ŋə˨˩/ 𠊎 /ŋai˩/
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