Jaqaru aru
Jaqaru
Aymaran
Jaqaru (Jaqi aru, "people's language") is one of the two living languages of the Aymaran family (the other being Aymara, ay), with which it shares ~30% of vocabulary and many grammatical features (ejective stops, suffix-heavy agglutination, evidentiality marking). Spoken almost exclusively in the small mountain district of Tupe in the Yauyos Province of Lima Region, Peru, with a tiny remnant in nearby Cachuy. Severely endangered: most younger speakers have shifted to Spanish; UNESCO classifies as definitely endangered. The Jaqaru-Aymara split is estimated at ~1,500-2,000 years deep, making them roughly as different as Romance languages.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Jaqaru
Water
uma
/uma/
Fire
nina
/nina/
Sun
inti
/inti/
Moon
phaxshi
/pʰaχʃi/
Star
wara
/waɾa/
Mother
mama
/mama/
Father
awki
/awki/
I
naya
/naja/
You
juma
/huma/
Name
suti
/suti/
Eye
nayra
/najɾa/
Hand
ampara
/ampaɾa/
Heart
chuyma
/tʃujma/
Love
munasiña
/munasiɲa/
Tree
qhura
/qʰuɾa/
House
uta
/uta/
Dog
anu
/anu/
Cat
phishi
/pʰiʃi/
Eat
mankaña
/mankaɲa/
Drink
umaña
/umaɲa/
One
maya
/maja/
Two
paya
/paja/
Hello
kamishti
/kamiʃti/
Thank you
yuspaa
/juspaː/
Good
shuma
/ʃuma/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Aymaran languages
| Meaning | Jaqaru | Aymara | Classical Quechua | Quechua | Cusco Quechua | Misak | Ayacucho Quechua |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | yaku /jaku/ | yaku /jaku/ | unu /unu/ | unø /unø/ | yaku /jaku/ |
| Fire | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nipi /nipi/ | nina /nina/ |
| Sun | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | shi /ʃi/ | inti /inti/ |
| Moon | phaxshi /pʰaχʃi/ | phaxsi /pʰaχsi/ | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | atru /atɾu/ | killa /kiʎa/ |
| Star | wara /waɾa/ | warawara /waɾawaɾa/ | quyllur /qojʎur/ | quyllur /ˈqojʎʊr/ | quyllur /ˈqojʎur/ | kualøm /kwalʌm/ | quyllur /ˈqojʎur/ |
| Mother | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ |
| Father | awki /awki/ | tata /tata/ | tayta /tajta/ | tayta /tajta/ | tayta /tajta/ | tata /tata/ | tayta /tajta/ |
| I | naya /naja/ | naya /naja/ | ñuqa /ɲoqa/ | ñuqa /ˈɲʊqa/ | ñuqa /ˈɲoqa/ | na /na/ | ñuqa /ˈɲoqa/ |
| You | juma /huma/ | juma /huma/ | qam /qam/ | qam /qam/ | qan /qan/ | ñui /ɲui/ | qam /qam/ |
| Name | suti /suti/ | suti /suti/ | suti /suti/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | wetø /wetʌ/ | suti /ˈsuti/ |
| Eye | nayra /najɾa/ | nayra /najɾa/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | kab /kab/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ |
| Hand | ampara /ampaɾa/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | mar /maɾ/ | maki /maki/ |
| Heart | chuyma /tʃujma/ | chuyma /tʃujma/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | mun /mun/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ |
| Love | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | munay /munaj/ | munay /munaj/ | munay /munaj/ | kausrap /kawsɾap/ | kuyay /kujaj/ |
| Tree | qhura /qʰuɾa/ | quqa /quqa/ | sach'a /satʃʼa/ | sacha /satʃa/ | sachʼa /satʃʼa/ | yu /ju/ | sacha /satʃa/ |
| House | uta /uta/ | uta /uta/ | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | ya /ja/ | wasi /wasi/ |
| Dog | anu /anu/ | anu /anu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | kuchi /kutʃi/ | allqu /aʎqu/ |
| Cat | phishi /pʰiʃi/ | phisi /pʰisi/ | misi /misi/ | misi /misi/ | misi /misi/ | mishi /miʃi/ | michi /mitʃi/ |
| Eat | mankaña /mankaɲa/ | manqʼaña /manqʼaɲa/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | mɵ /mɵ/ | mikuy /mikuj/ |
| Drink | umaña /umaɲa/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | ushi /uʃi/ | upyay /upjaj/ |
| One | maya /maja/ | maya /maja/ | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | kan /kan/ | huk /huk/ |
| Two | paya /paja/ | paya /paja/ | iskay /iskaj/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | pa /pa/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ |
| Hello | kamishti /kamiʃti/ | kamisaki /kamisaki/ | rimaykullayki /rimajkuʎajki/ | allillanchu /aʎiʎantʃu/ | rimaykullayki /rimajkuʎajki/ | ma'rik /maʔɾik/ | napaykullayki /napajkuʎajki/ |
| Thank you | yuspaa /juspaː/ | yuspagara /juspaɣaɾa/ | añay /aɲaj/ | sulpayki /sulpajki/ | añay /aɲaj/ | payn /pajn/ | añay /aɲaj/ |
| Good | shuma /ʃuma/ | suma /suma/ | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | kausrik /kawsɾik/ | allin /aʎin/ |
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