Нанай

Nanai

Tungusic (Southern, Manchu-Nanai)

FamilyTungusic (Southern, Manchu-Nanai) Speakers~1.5K ScriptCyrillic CountriesRussia Official inRussia Vitalitydefinitely-endangered ISO 639-3gld

Nanai (Нанай in Russian) is a Southern Tungusic language of the lower Amur River valley, the closest living relative of Manchu within the Manchu-Nanai branch. The Nanai people are traditional Amur River fisher-hunters whose culture features bird-skin clothing and elaborate fish-skin parkas. The Russian Nanai population is ~12,000 but only ~1,500 retain L1 fluency, with most younger generations Russian-dominant. In China, the closely related Hezhen population is ~5,000 with even fewer fluent speakers. Reverberates in early Soviet anthropology through Vladimir Arsenyev's Dersu Uzala (1923).

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Nanai

Water

муэ

/mue/

Fire

това

/tova/

Sun

сиун

/siun/

Moon

биа

/bia/

Mother

энин

/enin/

Father

ама

/ama/

Eat

депу

/depu/

Drink

омичи

/omitʃi/

Love

эйини

/ejini/

Heart

миаван

/miavan/

Tree

мо

/mo/

House

дё

/dʒo/

Dog

инда

/inda/

Cat

коси

/kosi/

Hand

нгала

/ŋala/

Eye

насал

/nasal/

Hello

банди-банди

/bandi bandi/

Thank you

банихан

/banihan/

One

эмун

/emun/

Good

ая

/aja/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Tungusic (Southern, Manchu-Nanai) languages

Meaning NanaiEvenkiJurchenUdegeEven (Lamut)SibeManchu
Water муэ /mue/ му /mu/ muke /muke/ уй /uj/ му /mu/ ᠮᡠᡴᡝ /mukə/ ᠮᡠᡴᡝ /mukə/
Fire това /tova/ того /toɡo/ tuwa /tuwa/ тогбо /toɡbo/ тоог /toːɡ/ ᡨᡠᠸᠠ /tuwa/ ᡨᡠᠸᠠ /tuwa/
Sun сиун /siun/ дылача /dɯlatɕa/ šun /ʃun/ даигаси /daiɡasi/ нөлтэн /nølten/ ᠰᡠᠨ /sun/ ᡧᡠᠨ /ʃun/
Moon биа /bia/ бега /beɡa/ biya /bija/ биа /bia/ бяг /bjaɡ/ ᠪᡳᠶᠠ /bija/ ᠪᡳᠶᠠ /bija/
Mother энин /enin/ эни /eni/ eme /eme/ энэ /ene/ эньэн /eɲen/ ᡝᠨᡞᠶᡝ /ənije/ ᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝ /ənijə/
Father ама /ama/ ама /ama/ ama /ama/ амэ /amə/ ама /ama/ ᠠᠮᠠ /ama/ ᠠᠮᠠ /ama/
Eat депу /depu/ дептэ /depte/ jefu /dʒefu/ джевэ /d͡ʒevə/ дьэб /dʒeb/ ᠵᡝᠮᠪᡞ /d͡ʒəmbi/ ᠵᡝᠮᠪᡳ /dʒəmbi/
Drink омичи /omitʃi/ умӣ /umiː/ omi /omi/ омимэ /omimə/ ум /um/ ᠣᠮᡳᠪᡞ /omibi/ ᠣᠮᡳᠪᡳ /omibi/
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