Fulfulde

Fula

Atlantic-Congo (Senegambian, Fula)

FamilyAtlantic-Congo (Senegambian, Fula) Speakers~40M ScriptLatin CountriesAcross the Sahel Official inSenegal (national); recognized in 13+ African states Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3ful

Fula (Fulfulde, Pulaar, Pular) is a major Atlantic-Congo language of the Senegambian branch, with ~40M speakers spread across the entire Sahel from Senegal to Sudan — the most geographically dispersed African language. Its speakers, the traditionally pastoralist Fulani/Peul people, played a major role in West African Islamic empires (Sokoto Caliphate, Fulani jihads of the 18th-19th c.). Multiple regional varieties (Pulaar, Pular, Fulfulde, Fulani Adamawa) form a continuum. The Adlam script, invented in 1989 by Guinean brothers Ibrahima and Abdoulaye Barry to better fit Fula phonology, gained Unicode status in 2016.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Fula

Water

ndiyam

/ndijam/

Fire

yiite

/jiːte/

Sun

naange

/naːŋɡe/

Moon

lewru

/lewɾu/

Mother

yumma

/jumːa/

Father

baaba

/baːba/

Eat

ñaamde

/ɲaːmde/

Drink

yarude

/jaɾude/

Love

yiɗde

/jiɗːe/

Heart

ɓernde

/ɓeɾnde/

Tree

lekki

/lekːi/

House

suudu

/suːdu/

Dog

rawandu

/ɾawandu/

Cat

ullundu

/ulːundu/

Hand

junngo

/dʒuŋːɡo/

Eye

yiitere

/jiːteɾe/

Hello

jam tan

/dʒam tan/

Thank you

a jaaraama

/a dʒaːɾaːma/

One

go'o

/ɡoʔo/

Good

moƴƴo

/moƴːo/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Atlantic-Congo (Senegambian, Fula) languages

Meaning FulaSererKoyraboro SenniKoyra ChiiniNorth FrisianAkkadianKullui
Water ndiyam /ndijam/ mbox /mbɔx/ hari /hari/ hari /hari/ weeter /vɛːtər/ 𒈬 /muː/ पाणी /paːɳiː/
Fire yiite /jiːte/ ngir /ŋɡiɾ/ nuune /nuːne/ nuune /nuːne/ jüür /jyːr/ 𒉈𒌋 /iʃaːtu/ आग /aːɡ/
Sun naange /naːŋɡe/ naangu /naːŋɡu/ wayna /wajna/ wari /wari/ saanj /saːɲ/ 𒀭𒌓 /ʃamʃu/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/
Moon lewru /lewɾu/ weer /weːɾ/ handu /handu/ handu /handu/ muune /muːnə/ 𒌗 /warχu/ चांद /tʃãːd/
Mother yumma /jumːa/ yaay /jaːj/ nya /ɲa/ nya /ɲa/ mam /mɑm/ 𒌝𒈬 /umːu/ आमा /aːma/
Father baaba /baːba/ baay /baːj/ baaba /baːba/ baaba /baːba/ baabe /baːbə/ 𒀊 /abu/ बाबा /baːba/
Eat ñaamde /ɲaːmde/ niam /ɲam/ ŋwa /ŋwa/ ŋwa /ŋwa/ äte /ɛtə/ 𒀀𒅗𒇻 /akaːlu/ खाणु /kʰaːɳu/
Drink yarude /jaɾude/ ñam /ɲam/ hane /hane/ hane /hane/ drinke /drɪŋkə/ 𒊮𒌅 /ʃatuː/ पीणु /piːɳu/
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