Dakhótiyapi
Dakota
Siouan
Dakota is an Eastern Siouan language closely related to Lakota — the same lexeme often differs only in /d/ (Dakota) vs /l/ (Lakota), e.g. dakhóta/lakhóta. Comprises four divisions (Santee, Sisseton, Wahpeton, Yankton-Yanktonai) with ~290 fluent L1 speakers. Severely endangered after 19th-century US assimilation policy and the 1862 Dakota War. Active revitalization through Dakota Wicohan (Minnesota) and bilingual schools. Written in Riggs orthography (Latin) since the 1830s.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Dakota
Water
mní
/mní/
Fire
phéta
/pʰéta/
Sun
aŋpétuwí
/aŋpétuwí/
Moon
haŋyétuwí
/haŋjétuwí/
Mother
iná
/iná/
Father
até
/até/
Eat
yúta
/júta/
Drink
yatkáŋ
/jatkáŋ/
Love
thečhíȟida
/tʰetʃʰíχida/
Heart
čhaŋté
/tʃʰaŋté/
Tree
čháŋ
/tʃʰáŋ/
House
thípi
/tʰípi/
Dog
šúŋka
/ʃúŋka/
Cat
igmúŋ
/iɡmúŋ/
Hand
napé
/napé/
Eye
ištá
/iʃtá/
Hello
háu
/háu/
Thank you
pidámayaye
/pidámajaje/
One
waŋžidaŋ
/waŋʒidaŋ/
Good
wašté
/waʃté/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Siouan languages
| Meaning | Dakota | Lakota | Osage | Hurrian | Saho | Toba Batak | Aguaruna |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | mní /mní/ | mní /mní/ | ni /ni/ | 𒅆𒂊 /ʃie/ | lee /leː/ | aek /aek/ | yumi /jumi/ |
| Fire | phéta /pʰéta/ | pȟéta /pˣéta/ | péje /péʒe/ | 𒋫𒌅 /tatu/ | gira /ɡira/ | api /api/ | úkam /úkam/ |
| Sun | aŋpétuwí /aŋpétuwí/ | wí /wí/ | mį́ /mĩ́/ | 𒅆𒈨𒄀 /ʃimeɡi/ | ayro /ajɾo/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | etsá /etsá/ |
| Moon | haŋyétuwí /haŋjétuwí/ | haŋhépi wí /haŋhépi wí/ | mį́ hǫ́bre /mĩ́ hṍbɾe/ | 𒆪𒋢𒄴 /kuʃuh/ | alsa /alsa/ | bulan /bulan/ | nántu /nántu/ |
| Mother | iná /iná/ | iná /iná/ | iną́ /inã́/ | 𒂊𒈾 /ena/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | dukú /dukú/ |
| Father | até /até/ | até /até/ | indáce /indátse/ | 𒀜𒋫𒀀𒄿 /attai/ | abba /abba/ | ama /ama/ | apá /apá/ |
| Eat | yúta /júta/ | yúta /júta/ | ðatʰé /ðatʰé/ | 𒄠 /am/ | niitan /niːtan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | yuwámu /juwámu/ |
| Drink | yatkáŋ /jatkáŋ/ | yatkáŋ /jatkáŋ/ | iðátʰǫ /iðátʰũ/ | 𒈾𒄴𒉿 /nahw/ | yaaqab /jaːʕab/ | minum /minum/ | úmag /úmaɡ/ |
| Love | thečhíȟida /tʰetʃʰíχida/ | thečhíȟila /tʰetʃʰíxila/ | ðakʰíðe /ðakʰíðe/ | 𒋫𒁺 /tadu/ | kichanam /kitʃanam/ | holong /holoŋ/ | amaja /amaha/ |
| Heart | čhaŋté /tʃʰaŋté/ | čhaŋté /tʃʰaŋté/ | náⁿʒe /nãʒe/ | 𒋾𒊭 /tiʃa/ | laffa /laffa/ | roha /roha/ | anéntai /anɛ́ntaj/ |
| Tree | čháŋ /tʃʰáŋ/ | čháŋ /tʃʰáŋ/ | žą́ /ʒã́/ | 𒋫𒁉 /tappi/ | caar /ħaːr/ | hau /hau/ | númi /númi/ |
| House | thípi /tʰípi/ | thípi /tʰípi/ | cí /tsí/ | 𒅁𒊑 /ipri/ | kalo /kalo/ | jabu /dʒabu/ | jegámu /heɡámu/ |
| Dog | šúŋka /ʃúŋka/ | šúŋka /ʃúŋka/ | šǫ́ke /ʃṍke/ | 𒅕𒈠 /irma/ | kare /kaɾe/ | biang /biaŋ/ | yawá /jawá/ |
| Cat | igmúŋ /iɡmúŋ/ | igmúŋke /iɡmúŋke/ | įgðǫíka /ĩɡðũíka/ | 𒊭𒉿𒍣 /ʃawazi/ | dummu /dummu/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | micha /mitʃa/ |
| Hand | napé /napé/ | napé /napé/ | nǫbé /nũbé/ | 𒋗𒉌 /ʃuni/ | gaba /ɡaba/ | tangan /taŋan/ | uwéj /uwéh/ |
| Eye | ištá /iʃtá/ | ištá /iʃtá/ | ištá /ɪʃtá/ | 𒅆𒉌 /ʃini/ | int /int/ | mata /mata/ | jíi /híː/ |
| Hello | háu /háu/ | háu /háu/ | Háwe /háwe/ | 𒄭𒇻 /hilːu/ | malaal /malaːl/ | horas /horas/ | pujámek /puhámɛk/ |
| Thank you | pidámayaye /pidámajaje/ | philámayaye /pʰilámajaje/ | Wíbthaxube /wíbθaxube/ | 𒀀𒅆 /aʃi/ | galatto /ɡalatto/ | mauliate /mauliate/ | see /sɛː/ |
| One | waŋžidaŋ /waŋʒidaŋ/ | waŋží /waŋʒí/ | wį́xci /wĩ́xtsi/ | 𒊭 /ʃa/ | inki /inki/ | sada /sada/ | makichik /makitʃik/ |
| Good | wašté /waʃté/ | wašté /waʃté/ | ðą́ /ðã́/ | 𒀀𒍣 /aʦi/ | meqe /meʕe/ | denggan /deŋɡan/ | ímia /ímia/ |
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