Quranic Arabic

Quranic Arabic (العربية الفصحى التراثية al-ʿarabiyya al-fuṣḥā al-turāthiyya) is the Classical Arabic of the Qurʾān (610-632 CE revelation; codified ʿUthmānic codex c. 650), pre-Islamic poetry (al-muʿallaqāt, Mufaḍḍaliyyāt), and classical exegesis (Tafsīr). Distinguished from Modern Standard Arabic (ar, also called al-fuṣḥā al-muʿāṣira "contemporary fuṣḥā") by: (1) fully retained Classical morphology including all case-final vowels (iʿrāb) where MSA tolerates pausal forms; (2) codified Tajwid (تجويد) recitation rules — phonetic prescriptions including imāla (front-vowel raising), tafkhīm (emphatic-consonant velarization), idghām (assimilation), qalqalah (echo on قطبجد), madd lengthening, and ghunnah nasalization that govern correct Qurʾān recitation but are not normally applied in MSA speech; (3) Classical pre-Islamic and Qurʾānic vocabulary, including ~3% of Qurʾānic words that occur only in the Qurʾān; (4) sajʿ (rhymed prose) and the rhetorical iʿjāz tradition. The canonical pedagogical reading tradition of every madrasa worldwide and the form taught for Qur'an memorization (ḥifẓ), Tajwid certification, and traditional Islamic scholarship.