Yanesha'

Yanesha

Arawakan

FamilyArawakan Speakers~9K (UNESCO: definitely endangered) ScriptLatin CountriesPeru (Pasco, Junín, Huánuco regions Official inPeru (recognized regional indigenous language; Yanesha bilingual education Vitalitydefinitely-endangered ISO 639-3ame

Yanesha (formerly Amuesha; autonymously Yanesha') is an Arawakan language of the Andes-Amazon ecotone of central Peru, geographically and linguistically isolated within the Arawakan family — Yanesha is its own subgroup within Maipurean Arawakan, with no close sister languages. The Yanesha people developed a distinctive cultural identity in the Selva Central, with intensive yuca/manioc cultivation and ceremonial connections to the cloud-forest landscape. UNESCO classifies definitely endangered with intergenerational transmission largely lost; younger generations are Spanish-dominant. The Mexican Bible Society and SIL have produced literacy materials since the 1960s, with the New Testament published 1980.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Yanesha

Water

acopcho

/akopt͡ʃo/

Fire

oña

/oɲa/

Sun

mtsho

/mt͡so/

Moon

ojets

/od͡ʒet͡s/

Mother

neñ

/neɲ/

Father

/oɲ/

Eat

epam

/epam/

Drink

epcham

/ept͡ʃam/

Love

ehueñ

/eweɲ/

Heart

nemueñ

/nemweɲ/

Tree

ñeñoph

/ɲeɲopʰ/

House

pamoñ

/pamoɲ/

Dog

atso

/at͡so/

Cat

michi

/mit͡ʃi/

Hand

neyepy

/nejepɨ/

Eye

oqueño

/okeɲo/

Hello

salud

/salud/

Thank you

gracia

/ɡɾasia/

One

quesoll

/kesoʎ/

Good

paretem

/paɾetem/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Arawakan languages

Meaning YaneshaSasakBahnarLadinoRomanianSpanish (Mexico)Spanish (Colombia)
Water acopcho /akopt͡ʃo/ aiq /aiʔ/ dak /dak/ agua /aɣwa/ apă /apə/ agua /aɣwa/ agua /aɣwa/
Fire oña /oɲa/ api /api/ unh /uɲ/ fuego /fweɣo/ foc /fok/ fuego /fweɣo/ fuego /fweɣo/
Sun mtsho /mt͡so/ mataari /mataari/ mat trơ /mat trə/ sol /sol/ soare /so̯are/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/
Moon ojets /od͡ʒet͡s/ bulan /bulan/ khe /kʰe/ luna /luna/ lună /lunə/ luna /luna/ luna /luna/
Mother neñ /neɲ/ inaq /inaʔ/ mei /mei/ madre /madɾe/ mamă /mamə/ madre /maðɾe/ madre /maðɾe/
Father /oɲ/ amaq /amaʔ/ /bə/ padre /padɾe/ tată /tatə/ padre /paðɾe/ padre /paðɾe/
Eat epam /epam/ mangan /maŋan/ sa /sa/ komer /komeɾ/ a mânca /a mɨnka/ comer /komeɾ/ comer /komeɾ/
Drink epcham /ept͡ʃam/ nginem /ŋinəm/ ngoah /ŋoah/ bever /beveɾ/ a bea /a be̯a/ beber /beβeɾ/ beber /beβeɾ/
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