Pemon

Pemón

Cariban

FamilyCariban Speakers~35–45K (Venezuela) ScriptRomanized Latin script (practical orthography for documentation and education) Official inRecognized in Venezuela's Constitution as indigenous language; not official language but constitutionally protected

Pemón (ISO 639-3: aoc) is a vulnerable Cariban language spoken chiefly by the Pemón people in southeastern Venezuela, especially the Gran Sabana and Canaima National Park in Bolívar State, with related communities across the borders in Guyana and Brazil. The name Pemón means “person” or “people” and is used across several regional communities. Three major mutually intelligible varieties are commonly recognized: Arekuna, Kamarakoto, and Taurepan, whose distribution spans the Venezuela–Guyana–Brazil borderlands. Pemón is written in practical Latin-based orthographies used in education, religious texts, and linguistic documentation; pressure from Spanish and Portuguese varies by country, but the language remains an important marker of identity and intergenerational transmission continues in many communities.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Pemón

Water

/ky/

Fire

apok

/apɔk/

Sun

wato

/watɯ/

Moon

karo

/kaɾɯ/

Star

chirikö

/tʃiɾikø/

Mother

mamã

/mamɑ̃/

Father

papai

/papɑ̃i/

I

yuurö

/juːɾø/

You

amörö

/amøɾø/

Name

ese'

/eseʔ/

Eye

poki

/pɯki/

Hand

tïna

/tina/

Heart

sïköpoka

/sikɯpɯka/

Love

kemenü

/kemenü/

Tree

tïmö

/timɯ/

House

karata

/kaɾata/

Dog

yaremoro

/jaɾeɯɾɯ/

Cat

kïrïmï

/kirimi/

Eat

manepotaro

/manepoɾaɾɯ/

Drink

atü

/atu/

One

potakoron

/potakaɾɯn/

Two

saköne

/sakøne/

Hello

apî

/api/

Thank you

mïrako

/miɾakɯ/

Good

mïratö

/miɾatɯ/

Cuckoo

pika

/ˈpika/

Words compared

Compared with related Cariban languages

Meaning PemónAkawaioGalibi CaribAsháninkaBororoTahitianAinu
Water /ky/ tuna /tu.na/ tuna /tuna/ nija /nidʒa/ yje /ʝje/ pape /pape/ ワッカ /wakka/
Fire apok /apɔk/ abɔk /ə.bɔk/ wàto /wahto/ paamari /paːmaɾi/ owe /ɔwe/ auahi /auahi/ アペ /ape/
Sun wato /watɯ/ weyu /we.ju/ weju /weju/ oorya /oːɾja/ parado /paɾadu/ mahana /mahana/ チュプ /tɕup/
Moon karo /kaɾɯ/ nuno /nu.no/ nuno /nuno/ kashiri /kaʃiɾi/ aroe /aɾɔe/ marama /maɾama/ クンネチュプ /kunnetɕup/
Star chirikö /tʃiɾikø/ sirikö /siɾikɯ/ siriko /siɾiko/ impoquiro /impokiɾo/ kajewu /kaˈʒewu/ fetiʻa /feˈtiʔa/ ノチウ /notɕiw/
Mother mamã /mamɑ̃/ saŋ /sɑŋ/ sano /sano/ ina /ina/ e /e/ māmā /maːmaː/ ハポ /hapo/
Father papai /papɑ̃i/ papai /pa.pai/ papa /papa/ apa /apa/ apyge /apɨɡe/ pāpā /paːpaː/ アチャ /atɕa/
I yuurö /juːɾø/ üürü /ɯːɾɯ/ au /au/ naaka /naːka/ imi /imi/ au /au/ カニ /kani/
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