Адыгабзэ

Adyghe

NW Caucasian (Circassian)

FamilyNW Caucasian (Circassian) Speakers~600K ScriptCyrillic CountriesRussia Official inRussia (Adygea, regional alongside Russian) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3ady

Adyghe (West Circassian, Адыгабзэ Adygabze) is a Northwest Caucasian Circassian language with ~600K speakers — co-official with Russian in the Russian Republic of Adygea (~120K), with the majority living as diaspora in Turkey (~300K), Jordan, Syria, Israel, and the USA. The diaspora descends from the 1864 Russian expulsion of Circassians (мухаджирство Muhajirstvo) following the Russo-Circassian War. The Western counterpart of Kabardian (East Circassian), Adyghe features one of the largest consonant inventories of any natural language — over 50 consonants including 4-way contrasts (plain/voiced/ejective/labialized) and rare lateral fricatives. Cyrillic script since 1938 (after Latin 1927-1938, Arabic-derived pre-1927). Ergative-absolutive with polysynthetic verb morphology.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Adyghe

Water

псы

/psə/

Fire

машӏо

/maʃʼo/

Sun

тыгъэ

/təʁa/

Moon

мазэ

/maza/

Mother

ны

/nə/

Father

ты

/tə/

Eat

шхэн

/ʃxan/

Drink

ефэн

/jafan/

Love

шӏу шӏэгъу

/ʃʼʷə ʃʼaʁʷə/

Heart

гу

/ɡʷə/

Tree

чыгы

/tʃəɡə/

House

унэ

/wəna/

Dog

хьэ

/ħa/

Cat

чэтыу

/tʃatəw/

Hand

ӏэ

/ʔa/

Eye

нэ

/na/

Hello

шӏуфес

/ʃʼwafes/

Thank you

тхьауегъэпсэу

/tħawajaʁapsaw/

One

зы

/zə/

Good

дэгъу

/daʁʷ/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related NW Caucasian (Circassian) languages

Meaning AdygheKabardianUbykhAbazaAbkhazNeapolitanYiddish
Water псы /psə/ псы /psə/ bzə /bzə/ дзы /d͡zə/ аӡы /adzə/ acqua /akkwə/ וואַסער /vasər/
Fire машӏо /maʃʼo/ мафӏэ /mafʼa/ mzʼə /mzʼə/ мца /mt͡sa/ амца /amtsa/ fuoco /fwɔkə/ פֿײַער /fajər/
Sun тыгъэ /təʁa/ дыгъэ /dəʁa/ dəɣʷa /dəɣʷa/ амра /amra/ амра /amra/ sole /solə/ זון /zun/
Moon мазэ /maza/ мазэ /maza/ mazə /mazə/ мыза /məza/ амза /amza/ luna /lunə/ לבֿנה /ləvɔnə/
Mother ны /nə/ анэ /ana/ nan /nan/ ан /an/ ан /an/ mamma /mammə/ מאַמע /mamə/
Father ты /tə/ адэ /ada/ tʷə /tʷə/ аб /ab/ аб /ab/ pate /patə/ טאַטע /tatə/
Eat шхэн /ʃxan/ шхэн /ʃxan/ /—/ фара /fara/ афара /afara/ mangià /mandʒa/ עסן /ɛsn/
Drink ефэн /jafan/ ефэн /jafan/ /—/ жвара /ʒwara/ ажәра /aʒʷra/ vevere /vevərə/ טרינקען /trɪŋkən/
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