Qašqāyī (قشقایی)
Kaschkaisch
Turkic (Oghuz, South Oghuz)
Qashqai (Qašqāyī) is a South Oghuz Turkic language spoken by the Qashqai tribal confederation of Fars Province in south-central Iran, with significant populations also in Bushehr, Kohgiluyeh-Boyer-Ahmad, Isfahan and Khuzestan. Despite being geographically isolated from the main Oghuz heartland (Anatolia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan), it is genealogically closest to Azerbaijani — sharing the Oghuz vowel harmony, agglutinative case suffixes, and personal endings — rather than to Turkish. Centuries of contact with Persian and Lori have produced extensive Iranian lexical borrowing and some calques in subordination patterns (Csató 2005). The Qashqai people remain partially nomadic, conducting one of the world's largest surviving long-distance seasonal migrations (ilraah) between summer pastures in the Zagros highlands and winter quarters in the southern lowlands. There is no codified standard orthography; Perso-Arabic is used in publications and Latin in scholarship.
Wo es gesprochen wird
20 Kernwörter in Kaschkaisch
Wasser
su
/su/
Feuer
od
/od/
Sonne
gün
/ɟyn/
Mond
ay
/aj/
Mutter
ana
/ana/
Vater
ata
/ata/
Essen
yemek
/jeˈmæc/
Trinken
içmek
/itʃˈmæc/
Liebe
sevgi
/sevˈɟi/
Herz
ürek
/yˈɾæc/
Baum
ağaç
/aˈʁatʃ/
Haus
ev
/ev/
Hund
it
/it/
Katze
pišik
/piˈʃic/
Hand
el
/el/
Auge
göz
/ɟøz/
Hallo
salam
/saˈlam/
Danke
sağ olun
/sɑːʁ oˈlun/
Eins
bir
/biɾ/
Gut
yaxşı
/jaxˈʃɯ/
Quellen
- Csató, Éva Á. (2005) "On copying in Kashkay", in Linguistic Convergence and Areal Diffusion: Case Studies from Iranian, Semitic and Turkic. Routledge, pp. 271-283
- Soper, John (1996) Loan Syntax in Turkic and Iranian. Eurolingua
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1988) Grammatik des Chaladsch. Harrassowitz (comparative South Oghuz reference)
- Glottolog: Qashqa'i
- Ethnologue: qxq
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Turkic (Oghuz, South Oghuz)-Sprachen
| Bedeutung | Kaschkaisch | Süd-Aserbaidschanisch | Gagausisch | Karachanidisch | Aserbaidschanisch | Karakalpakisch | Kumükisch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | su /su/ | سو /su/ | su /su/ | suw /suw/ | su /su/ | suw /suw/ | сув /suv/ |
| Feuer | od /od/ | اوْد /od/ | ateş /aˈteʃ/ | ot /ot/ | od /od/ | ot /ot/ | от /ot/ |
| Sonne | gün /ɟyn/ | گۆنش /ɡyneʃ/ | güneş /ɟyˈneʃ/ | kün /kyn/ | günəş /ɟynæʃ/ | kún /kyn/ | гюн /ɡyn/ |
| Mond | ay /aj/ | آی /aj/ | ay /aj/ | ay /aj/ | ay /ɑj/ | ay /aj/ | ай /aj/ |
| Mutter | ana /ana/ | آنا /ana/ | ana /aˈna/ | ana /ana/ | ana /ɑnɑ/ | ana /ana/ | ана /ana/ |
| Vater | ata /ata/ | آتا /ata/ | boba /boˈba/ | ata /ata/ | ata /ɑtɑ/ | ata /ata/ | ата /ata/ |
| Essen | yemek /jeˈmæc/ | یئمک /jemæk/ | imää /iˈmæː/ | yi- /ji/ | yemək /jemæc/ | jew /ʒew/ | ашамакъ /aʃamaq/ |
| Trinken | içmek /itʃˈmæc/ | ایچمک /itʃmæk/ | içmää /itʃˈmæː/ | ič- /itʃ/ | içmək /ɪtʃmæc/ | ishiw /iʃiw/ | ичмек /itʃmek/ |
| Liebe | sevgi /sevˈɟi/ | سئوگی /sevɡi/ | sevgi /sevˈɟi/ | sevgü /sevɡy/ | sevgi /sevɟi/ | muhabbat /muhabbat/ | сюйюв /syjyv/ |
| Herz | ürek /yˈɾæc/ | اۆرک /yræk/ | üräk /yˈræk/ | yürek /jyrek/ | ürək /yɾæc/ | júrek /ʒyɾek/ | юрек /jyrek/ |
| Baum | ağaç /aˈʁatʃ/ | آغاج /ɑɣɑdʒ/ | aaç /aːtʃ/ | ığač /ɯɣatʃ/ | ağac /ɑɣɑdʒ/ | ag'ash /aʁaʃ/ | терек /terek/ |
| Haus | ev /ev/ | ائو /ev/ | ev /ev/ | ev /ev/ | ev /ev/ | úy /yj/ | уьй /yj/ |
| Hund | it /it/ | ایت /it/ | köpek /køˈpek/ | it /it/ | it /ɪt/ | iyt /ijt/ | ит /it/ |
| Katze | pišik /piˈʃic/ | پیشیک /piʃik/ | kedi /keˈdi/ | piši /piʃi/ | pişik /pɪʃɪc/ | pishik /piʃik/ | мишик /miʃik/ |
| Hand | el /el/ | اَل /æl/ | el /el/ | qol /qol/ | əl /æl/ | qol /qol/ | къол /qol/ |
| Auge | göz /ɟøz/ | گؤز /ɡøz/ | göz /ɟøz/ | köz /køz/ | göz /ɟøz/ | kóz /køz/ | гёз /ɡøz/ |
| Hallo | salam /saˈlam/ | سلام /sælam/ | selam /seˈlam/ | salām /salaːm/ | salam /sɑlɑm/ | salam /salam/ | ассаламу алейкум /asːalamu alejkum/ |
| Danke | sağ olun /sɑːʁ oˈlun/ | ساغ اول /saɣ ol/ | saa ol /saː ol/ | tabug /tabuɡ/ | təşəkkür /tæʃecːyɾ/ | rahmet /ɾaχmet/ | савбол /savbol/ |
| Eins | bir /biɾ/ | بیر /bir/ | bir /bir/ | bir /bir/ | bir /bɪɾ/ | bir /biɾ/ | бир /bir/ |
| Gut | yaxşı /jaxˈʃɯ/ | یاخشی /jaxʃɯ/ | ii /iː/ | yaqšı /jaqʃɯ/ | yaxşı /jɑxʃɯ/ | jaqsi /ʒaqsɯ/ | яхшы /jaχʃə/ |
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