Tupinambá / Nhe'engatú
圖皮南巴語
Tupian (Tupi-Guarani, Subgroup III) · 歷史／隱藏變體
Tupinambá (Old Tupi) was the dominant indigenous language of the Brazilian coast at European contact and the basis of the Jesuit Língua Geral that served as Brazil's colonial lingua franca into the 18th century. Typologically Tupi-Guarani: agglutinative, head-marking, with active-stative alignment and pervasive nasal harmony; its first grammar (Anchieta, 1595) is the earliest description of any South American language. It survives lexically in thousands of Brazilian Portuguese loanwords and place-names (Ipanema, Paraná, jaguar, piranha).
使用地區
圖皮南巴語嘅20個核心詞
水
'y
/ʔɨ/
火
tatá
/taˈta/
日頭
kuarasy
/kwaɾaˈsɨ/
月光
iasy
/jaˈsɨ/
母親
sy
/sɨ/
父親
tuba
/ˈtuβa/
食
'u
/ʔu/
飲
'u
/ʔu/
愛
aûsub
/aˈwsuβ/
心
nhe'ã
/ɲẽˈʔã/
樹
yby'rá
/ɨβɨˈɾa/
屋
oka
/ˈoka/
狗
îagûara
/jaˈɣwaɾa/
貓
marakaîá
/maɾakaˈja/
手
pó
/po/
眼
t-esá
/teˈsa/
你好
ereîubé
/eɾejuˈβe/
多謝
—
/—/
一
oîepé
/ojeˈpe/
好
katu
/kaˈtu/
來源
- Anchieta, José de (1595) Arte de Grammatica da Lingoa Mais Usada na Costa do Brasil. Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz.
- Navarro, Eduardo de Almeida (1998/2013) Método Moderno de Tupi Antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos. São Paulo: Global.
- Rodrigues, Aryon Dall'Igna (1981) Estrutura do Tupinambá. In Lenguas Indígenas de America del Sur.
- Barbosa, A. Lemos (1956) Curso de Tupi Antigo. Rio de Janeiro: São José.
- Glottolog: Tupinamba
單詞比較
同Tupian (Tupi-Guarani, Subgroup III)相關語言比較
| 意思 | 圖皮南巴語 | 瓜拉尼語 | 尼恩加圖語 | 馬京達瑙語 | 噶瑪蘭語 | 馬卡賽語 | 希臘語 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水 | 'y /ʔɨ/ | y /ɨ/ | ig /iɡ/ | ig /ʔiɡ/ | zanum /zaˈnum/ | ira /ˈira/ | νερό /neˈɾo/ |
| 火 | tatá /taˈta/ | tata /tata/ | tatá /tata/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | ramax /raˈmax/ | ata /ˈata/ | φωτιά /foˈtʲa/ |
| 日頭 | kuarasy /kwaɾaˈsɨ/ | kuarahy /kwaɾahɨ/ | kuarasi /kwaɾasi/ | senang /seˈnaŋ/ | siban /siˈban/ | watu /ˈwatu/ | ήλιος /ˈiʎos/ |
| 月光 | iasy /jaˈsɨ/ | jasy /dʒasɨ/ | yasi /jasi/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | buran /buˈran/ | uru /ˈuru/ | φεγγάρι /feˈŋɡaɾi/ |
| 母親 | sy /sɨ/ | sy /sɨ/ | mãi /mãi/ | ina /ˈʔina/ | tina /ˈtina/ | ina /ˈina/ | μητέρα /miˈteɾa/ |
| 父親 | tuba /ˈtuβa/ | túva /tuva/ | paiá /paja/ | ama /ˈʔama/ | tama /ˈtama/ | baba /ˈbaba/ | πατέρας /paˈteɾas/ |
| 食 | 'u /ʔu/ | karu /kaˈɾu/ | ku /ku/ | kakan /kaˈkan/ | quman /quˈman/ | nawa /ˈnawa/ | τρώω /ˈtɾo.o/ |
| 飲 | 'u /ʔu/ | yʼu /ɨʔu/ | yú /jú/ | inum /ʔiˈnum/ | mimum /miˈmum/ | gehe /ˈɡɛhɛ/ | πίνω /ˈpino/ |
| 愛 | aûsub /aˈwsuβ/ | hayhu /haɨhu/ | saysu /sajsu/ | kalini /kaˈlini/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | αγάπη /aˈɣapi/ |
| 心 | nhe'ã /ɲẽˈʔã/ | pyʼa /pɨʔa/ | py'ã /pɨʔã/ | pusong /puˈsoŋ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | καρδιά /kaɾˈðʲa/ |
| 樹 | yby'rá /ɨβɨˈɾa/ | yvyra /ɨvɨɾa/ | mira-vra /miɾavɾa/ | kayu /kaˈju/ | kasuy /kaˈsuj/ | ate /ˈate/ | δέντρο /ˈðendɾo/ |
| 屋 | oka /ˈoka/ | óga /oɡa/ | oka /oka/ | walay /waˈlaj/ | lepaw /ləˈpaw/ | oma /ˈoma/ | σπίτι /ˈspiti/ |
| 狗 | îagûara /jaˈɣwaɾa/ | jagua /dʒaɡwa/ | yawara /jawaɾa/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | wasu /waˈsu/ | defa /ˈdɛfa/ | σκύλος /ˈskilos/ |
| 貓 | marakaîá /maɾakaˈja/ | mbarakaja /mbaɾakadʒa/ | mariwa /maɾiwa/ | kuting /kuˈtiŋ/ | ngiyaw /ŋiˈjaw/ | — /—/ | γάτα /ˈɣata/ |
| 手 | pó /po/ | po /po/ | pó /po/ | lima /liˈma/ | rima /riˈma/ | tana /ˈtana/ | χέρι /ˈçeɾi/ |
| 眼 | t-esá /teˈsa/ | tesa /tesa/ | sesa /sesa/ | mata /maˈta/ | mata /maˈta/ | nana /ˈnana/ | μάτι /ˈmati/ |
| 你好 | ereîubé /eɾejuˈβe/ | mbaʼéichapa /mbaʔeitʃapa/ | poranga /poɾaŋɡa/ | assalamu alaikum /assaˈlamu ʔaˈlajkum/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | γεια σου /ˈʝa su/ |
| 多謝 | — /—/ | aguyje /aɡuɨdʒe/ | katu /katu/ | sukran /ˈsukɾan/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ευχαριστώ /efxaɾiˈsto/ |
| 一 | oîepé /ojeˈpe/ | peteĩ /peteĩ/ | yepé /jepe/ | isa /ˈʔisa/ | issa /ˈissa/ | u /ʔu/ | ένα /ˈena/ |
| 好 | katu /kaˈtu/ | porã /poɾã/ | katu /katu/ | mapiya /maˈpija/ | — /—/ | rau /rau/ | καλό /kaˈlo/ |
LangMap — 語言視覺化項目嘅一部分。呢個係靜態、可抓取嘅摘要；互動地圖提供發音音頻、篩選同地球視圖。