Kirikirʔis
Wichita
lingue caddo (caddo settentrionale)
Il wichita è una lingua caddo settentrionale dell'Oklahoma, celebre per l'assenza totale di un'occlusiva bilabiale /p/ — una rarità tipologicamente estrema a livello mondiale. I suoi verbi polisintetici possono esprimere intere frasi in una sola parola, e l'occlusiva glottidale ʔ e le vocali lunghe sono foneticamente distintive a livello fonematico.
Dove si parla
31 parole essenziali in Wichita
Acqua
kicʔa
/kitsʔa/
Fuoco
hatʔihks
/hatʔihks/
Sole
saːkihirikiʔis
/saːkihiɾikiʔis/
Luna
—
/—/
Stella
hokʼwahriʔ
/hokʼʷahriʔ/
Madre
ʔatsi
/ʔatsi/
Padre
ʔaːsi
/ʔaːsi/
Io
náⁱʔ
/náːʔ/
Tu
áⁱʔ
/áːʔ/
Nome
-riʔ
/riʔ/
Occhio
kiriːkihinaʔ
/kiɾiːkihinaʔ/
Mano
ʔiskʔa
/ʔiskʔa/
Cuore
kaːc
/kaːts/
Amore
—
/—/
Albero
tahaːriʔ
/tahaːɾiʔ/
Casa
kaːhikʔa
/kaːhikʔa/
Cane
kicʔariːh
/kitsʔaɾiːh/
Gatto
—
/—/
Mangiare
taʔac
/taʔats/
Bere
kiːckiriʔeːhirʔa
/kiːtskiɾiʔeːhiɾʔa/
Uno
cʔiːʔas
/tsʔiːʔas/
Due
wic
/wits/
Ciao
nakahaʔahirʔa
/nakahaʔahiɾʔa/
Grazie
—
/—/
Buono
—
/—/
Fonti
- Rood, David S. (1976) Wichita Grammar. New York: Garland.
- Rood, David S. (1975) The Implications of Wichita Phonology. Language 51(2):315-337.
- Glottolog: Wichita
Parole a confronto
Confrontato con le lingue Caddoan (Northern Caddoan) correlate
| Significato | Wichita | Proto-afroasiatico | Proto-austroasiatico | Neko | Iberico | Tuyuca | Messapico |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | *maw- /maw-/ | *ɗaːk /ɗaːk/ | wai /wai/ | — /—/ | oko /oko/ | — /—/ |
| Fuoco | hatʔihks /hatʔihks/ | — /—/ | *ʔuːs /ʔuːs/ | titɛ /titɛ/ | — /—/ | pekãbẽ /pekãbẽ/ | — /—/ |
| Sole | saːkihirikiʔis /saːkihiɾikiʔis/ | — /—/ | *tŋiːʔ /tŋiːʔ/ | aatʌ /aːtʌ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Luna | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Stella | hokʼwahriʔ /hokʼʷahriʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kumba /kumba/ | — /—/ | ñokõ /ɲokõ/ | — /—/ |
| Madre | ʔatsi /ʔatsi/ | *ʔim- /ʔim-/ | *maʔ /maʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | pakó /pakó/ | — /—/ |
| Padre | ʔaːsi /ʔaːsi/ | *ʔab- /ʔab-/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ana /ˈana/ |
| Io | náⁱʔ /náːʔ/ | *ʔan- /ʔan-/ | *ʔaɲ /ʔaɲ/ | na /na/ | — /—/ | yʉʉ /jɨː/ | — /—/ |
| Tu | áⁱʔ /áːʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ga /ɡa/ | — /—/ | mʉʉ /mɨː/ | — /—/ |
| Nome | -riʔ /riʔ/ | *sim- /sim-/ | — /—/ | iwi /iwi/ | — /—/ | wamé /wamẽ/ | — /—/ |
| Occhio | kiriːkihinaʔ /kiɾiːkihinaʔ/ | *ʕayn- /ʕayn-/ | *mat /mat/ | ta /ta/ | — /—/ | kapea /kapea/ | — /—/ |
| Mano | ʔiskʔa /ʔiskʔa/ | — /—/ | *tiːʔ /tiːʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Cuore | kaːc /kaːts/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Amore | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Albero | tahaːriʔ /tahaːɾiʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | tei /tei/ | — /—/ | yukɨgɨ /jukɨɡɨ/ | — /—/ |
| Casa | kaːhikʔa /kaːhikʔa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | iltiŕ /iltir̥/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Cane | kicʔariːh /kitsʔaɾiːh/ | — /—/ | *cɔː /cɔː/ | gonʌ /ɡonʌ/ | — /—/ | diayi /diaji/ | — /—/ |
| Gatto | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mangiare | taʔac /taʔats/ | — /—/ | *ɟaː /ɟaː/ | nei /nei/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Bere | kiːckiriʔeːhirʔa /kiːtskiɾiʔeːhiɾʔa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | sĩdĩ /sĩdĩ/ | — /—/ |
| Uno | cʔiːʔas /tsʔiːʔas/ | — /—/ | *muːj /muːj/ | — /—/ | ban /ban/ | sika /sika/ | — /—/ |
| Due | wic /wits/ | *sin- /sin-/ | *ɓaːr /ɓaːr/ | iri /iri/ | bi /bi/ | pʉ́aro /pɨ́aɾo/ | — /—/ |
| Ciao | nakahaʔahirʔa /nakahaʔahiɾʔa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Grazie | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Buono | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
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