Tupinambá / Nhe'engatú
Tupinambá
Tupian (Tupi-Guarani, Subgroup III) · varietà storica / nascosta
Tupinambá (Old Tupi) was the dominant indigenous language of the Brazilian coast at European contact and the basis of the Jesuit Língua Geral that served as Brazil's colonial lingua franca into the 18th century. Typologically Tupi-Guarani: agglutinative, head-marking, with active-stative alignment and pervasive nasal harmony; its first grammar (Anchieta, 1595) is the earliest description of any South American language. It survives lexically in thousands of Brazilian Portuguese loanwords and place-names (Ipanema, Paraná, jaguar, piranha).
Dove si parla
20 parole essenziali in Tupinambá
Acqua
'y
/ʔɨ/
Fuoco
tatá
/taˈta/
Sole
kuarasy
/kwaɾaˈsɨ/
Luna
iasy
/jaˈsɨ/
Madre
sy
/sɨ/
Padre
tuba
/ˈtuβa/
Mangiare
'u
/ʔu/
Bere
'u
/ʔu/
Amore
aûsub
/aˈwsuβ/
Cuore
nhe'ã
/ɲẽˈʔã/
Albero
yby'rá
/ɨβɨˈɾa/
Casa
oka
/ˈoka/
Cane
îagûara
/jaˈɣwaɾa/
Gatto
marakaîá
/maɾakaˈja/
Mano
pó
/po/
Occhio
t-esá
/teˈsa/
Ciao
ereîubé
/eɾejuˈβe/
Grazie
—
/—/
Uno
oîepé
/ojeˈpe/
Buono
katu
/kaˈtu/
Fonti
- Anchieta, José de (1595) Arte de Grammatica da Lingoa Mais Usada na Costa do Brasil. Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz.
- Navarro, Eduardo de Almeida (1998/2013) Método Moderno de Tupi Antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos. São Paulo: Global.
- Rodrigues, Aryon Dall'Igna (1981) Estrutura do Tupinambá. In Lenguas Indígenas de America del Sur.
- Barbosa, A. Lemos (1956) Curso de Tupi Antigo. Rio de Janeiro: São José.
- Glottolog: Tupinamba
Parole a confronto
Confrontato con le lingue Tupian (Tupi-Guarani, Subgroup III) correlate
| Significato | Tupinambá | Guaraní | Nheengatu | maguindanao | Kavalan | Makasae | Greco |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | 'y /ʔɨ/ | y /ɨ/ | ig /iɡ/ | ig /ʔiɡ/ | zanum /zaˈnum/ | ira /ˈira/ | νερό /neˈɾo/ |
| Fuoco | tatá /taˈta/ | tata /tata/ | tatá /tata/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | ramax /raˈmax/ | ata /ˈata/ | φωτιά /foˈtʲa/ |
| Sole | kuarasy /kwaɾaˈsɨ/ | kuarahy /kwaɾahɨ/ | kuarasi /kwaɾasi/ | senang /seˈnaŋ/ | siban /siˈban/ | watu /ˈwatu/ | ήλιος /ˈiʎos/ |
| Luna | iasy /jaˈsɨ/ | jasy /dʒasɨ/ | yasi /jasi/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | buran /buˈran/ | uru /ˈuru/ | φεγγάρι /feˈŋɡaɾi/ |
| Madre | sy /sɨ/ | sy /sɨ/ | mãi /mãi/ | ina /ˈʔina/ | tina /ˈtina/ | ina /ˈina/ | μητέρα /miˈteɾa/ |
| Padre | tuba /ˈtuβa/ | túva /tuva/ | paiá /paja/ | ama /ˈʔama/ | tama /ˈtama/ | baba /ˈbaba/ | πατέρας /paˈteɾas/ |
| Mangiare | 'u /ʔu/ | karu /kaˈɾu/ | ku /ku/ | kakan /kaˈkan/ | quman /quˈman/ | nawa /ˈnawa/ | τρώω /ˈtɾo.o/ |
| Bere | 'u /ʔu/ | yʼu /ɨʔu/ | yú /jú/ | inum /ʔiˈnum/ | mimum /miˈmum/ | gehe /ˈɡɛhɛ/ | πίνω /ˈpino/ |
| Amore | aûsub /aˈwsuβ/ | hayhu /haɨhu/ | saysu /sajsu/ | kalini /kaˈlini/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | αγάπη /aˈɣapi/ |
| Cuore | nhe'ã /ɲẽˈʔã/ | pyʼa /pɨʔa/ | py'ã /pɨʔã/ | pusong /puˈsoŋ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | καρδιά /kaɾˈðʲa/ |
| Albero | yby'rá /ɨβɨˈɾa/ | yvyra /ɨvɨɾa/ | mira-vra /miɾavɾa/ | kayu /kaˈju/ | kasuy /kaˈsuj/ | ate /ˈate/ | δέντρο /ˈðendɾo/ |
| Casa | oka /ˈoka/ | óga /oɡa/ | oka /oka/ | walay /waˈlaj/ | lepaw /ləˈpaw/ | oma /ˈoma/ | σπίτι /ˈspiti/ |
| Cane | îagûara /jaˈɣwaɾa/ | jagua /dʒaɡwa/ | yawara /jawaɾa/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | wasu /waˈsu/ | defa /ˈdɛfa/ | σκύλος /ˈskilos/ |
| Gatto | marakaîá /maɾakaˈja/ | mbarakaja /mbaɾakadʒa/ | mariwa /maɾiwa/ | kuting /kuˈtiŋ/ | ngiyaw /ŋiˈjaw/ | — /—/ | γάτα /ˈɣata/ |
| Mano | pó /po/ | po /po/ | pó /po/ | lima /liˈma/ | rima /riˈma/ | tana /ˈtana/ | χέρι /ˈçeɾi/ |
| Occhio | t-esá /teˈsa/ | tesa /tesa/ | sesa /sesa/ | mata /maˈta/ | mata /maˈta/ | nana /ˈnana/ | μάτι /ˈmati/ |
| Ciao | ereîubé /eɾejuˈβe/ | mbaʼéichapa /mbaʔeitʃapa/ | poranga /poɾaŋɡa/ | assalamu alaikum /assaˈlamu ʔaˈlajkum/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | γεια σου /ˈʝa su/ |
| Grazie | — /—/ | aguyje /aɡuɨdʒe/ | katu /katu/ | sukran /ˈsukɾan/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ευχαριστώ /efxaɾiˈsto/ |
| Uno | oîepé /ojeˈpe/ | peteĩ /peteĩ/ | yepé /jepe/ | isa /ˈʔisa/ | issa /ˈissa/ | u /ʔu/ | ένα /ˈena/ |
| Buono | katu /kaˈtu/ | porã /poɾã/ | katu /katu/ | mapiya /maˈpija/ | — /—/ | rau /rau/ | καλό /kaˈlo/ |
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