Juǀ'hoansi
Juǀʼhoan
kx'a (ju)
Il juǀ'hoan è una lingua kx'a del popolo san (boscimani) del Kalahari, celebre per uno dei più ampi inventari fonemici al mondo: 4 tipi di clic (dentale ǀ, alveolare ǃ, laterale ǁ, palatale ǂ) combinati con 17 accompagnamenti, che producono quasi 50 consonanti clic. Le vocali portano tono, nasalizzazione, mormorìo (voce soffiata) e faringalizzazione.
Dove si parla
31 parole essenziali in Juǀʼhoan
Acqua
gǃú
/ᶢǃú/
Fuoco
dahm
/dã̀m/
Sole
ǃhúí
/ᵑǃʰúí/
Luna
nǁháí
/ᵑǁʰáí/
Stella
ǀqhùbi
/ǀqʰùbí/
Madre
taqe
/tàʔè/
Padre
ba
/bà/
Io
mi
/mí/
Tu
a
/à/
Nome
ǀ'hòà
/ǀʼhòà/
Occhio
ǃʼàqè
/ᶢǃʼàʔè/
Mano
ǃʼau
/ǃʼau/
Cuore
ǂʼàn
/ǂʼàn/
Amore
ǀʼán
/ǀʼán/
Albero
ǃaìh
/ǃaìh/
Casa
tjù
/tʃù/
Cane
ǂhòã
/ᵑǂʰòã/
Gatto
ǃhòè
/ᵑǃʰòè/
Mangiare
ǃʼám
/ǃʼám/
Bere
kxʼáí
/kxʼái/
Uno
nǀèʼè
/ᵑǀèʼè/
Due
tsàn
/tsã̀/
Ciao
mí kúrùwà
/mí kúrùwà/
Grazie
mí ǁʼàmà
/mí ǁʼàmà/
Buono
ǀʼàn
/ǀʼàn/
Fonti
- Dickens, Patrick J. (1994) English-Juǀ'hoan Juǀ'hoan-English Dictionary. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, Köln.
- Snyman, Jan W. (1970) An Introduction to the !Xũ (!Kung) Language. A. A. Balkema, Cape Town.
- Miller, Amanda (2011) The Representation of Clicks. In The Blackwell Companion to Phonology.
- Glottolog: Juǀ'hoan
Parole a confronto
Confrontato con le lingue Kx'a (Ju) correlate
| Significato | Juǀʼhoan | Taa | Lakota | Korana | Pirahã | Dakota | Kiowa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | gǃú /ᶢǃú/ | ǃqhàa /ǃqʰaː/ | mní /mní/ | ǁammi /ǁamːi/ | piigi /piiɡi/ | mní /mní/ | tóñ /tʰṍ/ |
| Fuoco | dahm /dã̀m/ | ǀʼàã /ǀʼãː/ | pȟéta /pˣéta/ | ǀaeb /ǀʔaeb/ | hoa /hoa/ | phéta /pʰéta/ | phi̱ /pʰĩ/ |
| Sole | ǃhúí /ᵑǃʰúí/ | ǁʼân /ǁʼã/ | wí /wí/ | sores /sores/ | hisi /hisi/ | aŋpétuwí /aŋpétuwí/ | phî: /pʰîː/ |
| Luna | nǁháí /ᵑǁʰáí/ | ǃqhàn /ǃqʰã/ | haŋhépi wí /haŋhépi wí/ | ǁkhab /ǁkʰab/ | kapiigaísao /kapiiɡaísao/ | haŋyétuwí /haŋjétuwí/ | phé: /pʰéː/ |
| Stella | ǀqhùbi /ǀqʰùbí/ | ǃqʰái /ǃqʰái/ | wičháȟpi /witʃʰaχpi/ | ǀgami /ǀʔami/ | apapaí /àpàpàí/ | wičaȟpi /witʃaχpi/ | t'ǫ́ǫ̀y /tʼṍːj/ |
| Madre | taqe /tàʔè/ | qáe /qae/ | iná /iná/ | ʔẽs /ʔẽs/ | ʔaaí /ʔaaí/ | iná /iná/ | tsitda /tsitda/ |
| Padre | ba /bà/ | a̰a /a̰a/ | até /até/ | ǁnaob /ǁnaob/ | baíxi /baíʃi/ | até /até/ | gò: /ɡòː/ |
| Io | mi /mí/ | ń /ŋ̩/ | miyé /mijé/ | tita /titá/ | ti /tì/ | miyé /mijé/ | nɔ́ɔ /nɔ́ː/ |
| Tu | a /à/ | a /aː/ | niyé /nijé/ | sats /sats/ | gíxai /ɡíʔàì/ | niyé /nijé/ | ám /ám/ |
| Nome | ǀ'hòà /ǀʼhòà/ | ǀqʼûle /ǀʛûle/ | čhažé /tʃʰaʒé/ | ǀons /ǀons/ | íga /ígà/ | čažé /tʃaʒé/ | k'ɔ́gyà /kʼɔ̃́ɡjà/ |
| Occhio | ǃʼàqè /ᶢǃʼàʔè/ | ǃʼûĩ /ǃʼũĩ/ | ištá /iʃtá/ | mũb /mũb/ | ʔai /ʔai/ | ištá /iʃtá/ | tô: /tôː/ |
| Mano | ǃʼau /ǃʼau/ | ǀkxʼàa /ǀkxʼaː/ | napé /napé/ | ǃumma /ǃumːa/ | piíʔai /piíʔai/ | napé /naˈpe/ | mò:tʼɔ̄ /mòːtʼɔ̄/ |
| Cuore | ǂʼàn /ǂʼàn/ | ǀqʼàn /ǀqʼã/ | čhaŋté /tʃʰaŋté/ | ǂaob /ǂaob/ | aoʔaago /aoʔaaɡo/ | čhaŋté /tʃʰaŋté/ | á:de /áːde/ |
| Amore | ǀʼán /ǀʼán/ | — /—/ | thečhíȟila /tʰetʃʰíxila/ | ǀnam /ǀnam/ | gí /ɡí/ | thečhíȟida /tʰetʃʰíχida/ | gàum /ɡàum/ |
| Albero | ǃaìh /ǃaìh/ | ʼʘnàje /ʔʘnaje/ | čháŋ /tʃʰáŋ/ | hais /haìs/ | hoí /hoí/ | čháŋ /tʃʰáŋ/ | á:du /áːdu/ |
| Casa | tjù /tʃù/ | — /—/ | thípi /tʰípi/ | oms /oms/ | kaiʔii /kaiʔii/ | thípi /tʰípi/ | tóu: /tóuː/ |
| Cane | ǂhòã /ᵑǂʰòã/ | ǂqhài /ǂqʰai/ | šúŋka /ʃúŋka/ | arib /arib/ | kobaí /kobaí/ | šúŋka /ʃúŋka/ | tsê: /tsêː/ |
| Gatto | ǃhòè /ᵑǃʰòè/ | — /—/ | igmúŋke /iɡmúŋke/ | — /—/ | xowí /ʃowí/ | igmúŋ /iɡmúŋ/ | mò:sò /mòːsò/ |
| Mangiare | ǃʼám /ǃʼám/ | ʼâã /ʔãː/ | yúta /júta/ | ǂʼũ /ǂʼũ/ | ʔaʔaí /ʔaʔaí/ | yúta /júta/ | gè: /ɡèː/ |
| Bere | kxʼáí /kxʼái/ | kxʼāhã /kxʼaːhã/ | yatkáŋ /jatkáŋ/ | xʼā /xʼaː/ | gao /ɡao/ | yatkáŋ /jatkáŋ/ | kʰò: /kʰòː/ |
| Uno | nǀèʼè /ᵑǀèʼè/ | ǂʼûã /ǂʼũã/ | waŋží /waŋʒí/ | ǀui /ǀui/ | hói /hói/ | waŋžidaŋ /waŋʒidaŋ/ | páun /páun/ |
| Due | tsàn /tsã̀/ | ǂnûm /ǂûm/ | núŋpa /nṹpa/ | ǀgam /ǀʔam/ | hoí /hòí/ | nųpa /nũpa/ | yíí /jíː/ |
| Ciao | mí kúrùwà /mí kúrùwà/ | — /—/ | háu /háu/ | — /—/ | gaíhií /ɡaíhií/ | háu /háu/ | hâ:tô: /hâːtôː/ |
| Grazie | mí ǁʼàmà /mí ǁʼàmà/ | — /—/ | philámayaye /pʰilámajaje/ | — /—/ | kapiíhií /kapiíhií/ | pidámayaye /pidámajaje/ | gàu /ɡàu/ |
| Buono | ǀʼàn /ǀʼàn/ | — /—/ | wašté /waʃté/ | ǃãĩ /ǃãĩ/ | aoʔaago /aoʔaaɡo/ | wašté /waʃté/ | hôn /hôn/ |
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