ᠰᡞᠪᡝ ᡤᡞᠰᡠᠨ
sibe
Tungusic > Southern Tungusic > Manchu-Sibe
Il sibe (錫伯語) è una lingua tungusa parlata da circa 25 000–30 000 persone, principalmente nella contea autonoma sibe di Qapqal nello Xinjiang, discendenti dei vessilli sibe trasferiti dalla Manciuria nel 1764. È il discendente vivente diretto del mancese letterario, con un lessico ereditato pressoché intatto, ma con notevole divergenza fonologica: i mancesi *ki, *ke, *gi, *ge si palatalizzano in /tɕ, d͡ʑ/ dopo vocale (muke 'acqua' → /mutɕə/, wargi 'ovest' → /wartɕi/), l'inventario vocalico passa da sei a otto (con l'aggiunta di /y, œ/), e le fricative intervocaliche si sonorizzano ([s]→[z], [x]→[ɣ]/[ʁ]). Il suffisso verbale imperfettivo -mbi si riduce spesso a -m nel parlato. Si scrive ancora con la grafia mancese più due lettere; a Qapqal esistono istruzione primaria in sibe e il quotidiano Cabcal Serkin — una delle pochissime lingue tunguse con trasmissione intergenerazionale attiva.
Dove si parla
Letture dei caratteri han in sibe
| Carattere | Significato | Lettura | Forma | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 一 | one | ᠡᠮᡠemu | /əmu/ | |
| 二 | two | ᠵᡠᠸᡝjuwe | /d͡ʑuwə/ | |
| 三 | three | ᡳᠯᠠᠨilan | /ilan/ | |
| 四 | four | ᡩᡠᡳᠨduin | /duin/ | |
| 五 | five | ᠰᡠᠨᠵᠠsunja | /sund͡ʑa/ | |
| 六 | six | ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡠᠨninggun | /niŋɢun/ | |
| 七 | seven | ᠨᠠᡩᠠᠨnadan | /nadan/ | |
| 八 | eight | ᠵᠠᡴᡡᠨjakūn | /d͡ʑaqun/ | |
| 九 | nine | ᡠᠶᡠᠨuyun | /ujun/ | |
| 十 | ten | ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨjuwan | /d͡ʑuwan/ | |
| 日 | sun | ᡧᡠᠨšun | /ɕun/ | |
| 月 | moon | ᠪᡳᠶᠠbiya | /bija/ | |
| 山 | mountain | ᠠᠯᡳᠨalin | /alin/ | |
| 水 | water | ᠮᡠᡴᡝmuke | /mutɕə/ | |
| 火 | fire | ᡨᡠᠸᠠtuwa | /tuwa/ | |
| 木 | tree | ᠮᠣᠣmoo | /mɔː/ | |
| 土 | soil | ᠪᠣᡳᡥᠣᠨboihon | /bɔiʁɔn/ | |
| 天 | sky | ᠠᠪᡴᠠabka | /apqa/ | |
| 地 | ground | ᠨᠠna | /na/ | |
| 海 | sea | ᠮᡝᡩᡝᡵᡳmederi | /mədəri/ | |
| 龍 | dragon | ᠮᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳmuduri | /muduri/ | |
| 虎 | tiger | ᡨᠠᡧᠠtasha | /taɕa/ | |
| 犬 | dog | ᡳᠨᡩᠠᡥᡡᠨindahūn | /indaʁun/ | |
| 馬 | horse | ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨmorin | /mɔrin/ | |
| 鳥 | bird | ᡤᠠᡧᠠgasha | /ɢaɕa/ | |
| 魚 | fish | ᠨᡳᠮᠠᡥᠠnimaha | /nimaʁa/ | |
| 牛 | ox | ᡳᡥᠠᠨihan | /iʁan/ | |
| 羊 | sheep | ᡥᠣᠨᡳᠨhonin | /χɔnin/ | |
| 貓 | cat | ᡴᡝᠰᡳᡴᡝkesike | /kəsitɕə/ | |
| 人 | person | ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠniyalma | /ɲalma/ | |
| 手 | hand | ᡤᠠᠯᠠgala | /ɢala/ | |
| 足 | foot | ᠪᡝᡨᡥᡝbethe | /bətxə/ | |
| 目 | eye | ᠶᠠᠰᠠyasa | /jaza/ | |
| 耳 | ear | ᡧᠠᠨšan | /ɕan/ | |
| 口 | mouth | ᠠᠩᡤᠠangga | /aŋɢa/ | |
| 頭 | head | ᡠᠵᡠuju | /ud͡ʑu/ | |
| 心 | heart | ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠮᠠᠨniyaman | /ɲaman/ | |
| 血 | blood | ᠰᡝᠩᡤᡳsenggi | /səŋɣi/ | |
| 肉 | meat | ᠶᠠᠯᡳyali | /jali/ | |
| 上 | up | ᡩᡝᠯᡝdele | /dələ/ | |
| 下 | down | ᡶᡝᠵᡳᠯᡝfejile | /fəd͡ʑilə/ | |
| 中 | middle | ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠdulimba | /dulimba/ | |
| 中 | hit | ᡤᠣᡳᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳgoibumbi | /ɢɔibum/ | |
| 央 | center | ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳdulimbai | /dulimbai/ | |
| 左 | left | ᡥᠠᡧᡡhashū | /χaɕu/ | |
| 右 | right | ᡳᠴᡳici | /it͡ɕi/ | |
| 東 | east | ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳdergi | /dərɡi/ | |
| 西 | west | ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳwargi | /warɡi/ | |
| 南 | south | ᠵᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳjulergi | /d͡ʑulərɡi/ | |
| 北 | north | ᠠᠮᠠᡵᡤᡳamargi | /amarɡi/ | |
| 行 | go | ᠶᠠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳyabumbi | /jawum/ | |
| 行 | row | ᡶᠠᡳᡩᠠᠨfaidan | /faidan/ | |
| 来 | come | ᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳjimbi | /d͡ʑim/ | |
| 去 | leave | ᡤᡝᠨᡝᠮᠪᡳgenembi | /ɡənəm/ | |
| 見 | see | ᠰᠠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳsabumbi | /sabum/ | |
| 聞 | hear | ᡩᠣᠨᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳdonjimbi | /dɔnd͡ʑim/ | |
| 食 | eat | ᠵᡝᠮᠪᡳjembi | /d͡ʑəm/ | |
| 飲 | drink | ᠣᠮᡳᠮᠪᡳomimbi | /ɔmim/ | |
| 走 | run | ᠰᡠᠵᡠᠮᠪᡳsujumbi | /sud͡ʑum/ | |
| 坐 | sit | ᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳtembi | /təm/ | |
| 立 | stand | ᡳᠯᡳᠮᠪᡳilimbi | /ilim/ |
Fonti
- Wikipedia — Xibe language
- Jerry Norman, A Concise Manchu-English Lexicon (1978) — base lexicon inherited by Sibe
- An Jun & Zhao Zhizhong, 锡伯语口语研究 (Studies in Spoken Sibe), Ürümqi 2004 — phonology and *ki→tɕi shift
Parole a confronto
Confrontato con le lingue Tungusic (Manchu-Nanai, Manchu — sister/dialect of Manchu) correlate
| Significato | sibe | Manciù | Jurchen | Nanai | Udege | eveno | evenco |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | ᠮᡠᡴᡝ /mukə/ | ᠮᡠᡴᡝ /mukə/ | muke /muke/ | муэ /mue/ | уй /uj/ | му /mu/ | му /mu/ |
| Fuoco | ᡨᡠᠸᠠ /tuwa/ | ᡨᡠᠸᠠ /tuwa/ | tuwa /tuwa/ | това /tova/ | тогбо /toɡbo/ | тоог /toːɡ/ | того /toɡo/ |
| Sole | ᠰᡠᠨ /sun/ | ᡧᡠᠨ /ʃun/ | šun /ʃun/ | сиун /siun/ | даигаси /daiɡasi/ | нөлтэн /nølten/ | дылача /dɯlatɕa/ |
| Luna | ᠪᡳᠶᠠ /bija/ | ᠪᡳᠶᠠ /bija/ | biya /bija/ | биа /bia/ | биа /bia/ | бяг /bjaɡ/ | бега /beɡa/ |
| Madre | ᡝᠨᡞᠶᡝ /ənije/ | ᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝ /ənijə/ | eme /eme/ | энин /enin/ | энэ /ene/ | эньэн /eɲen/ | эни /eni/ |
| Padre | ᠠᠮᠠ /ama/ | ᠠᠮᠠ /ama/ | ama /ama/ | ама /ama/ | амэ /amə/ | ама /ama/ | ама /ama/ |
| Mangiare | ᠵᡝᠮᠪᡞ /d͡ʒəmbi/ | ᠵᡝᠮᠪᡳ /dʒəmbi/ | jefu /dʒefu/ | депу /depu/ | джевэ /d͡ʒevə/ | дьэб /dʒeb/ | дептэ /depte/ |
| Bere | ᠣᠮᡳᠪᡞ /omibi/ | ᠣᠮᡳᠪᡳ /omibi/ | omi /omi/ | омичи /omitʃi/ | омимэ /omimə/ | ум /um/ | умӣ /umiː/ |
| Amore | ᠴᡳᠯᡨᡠᠮᠪᡳ /t͡ʃiltumbi/ | ᡥᠠᡳᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ /xairambi/ | gosi /ɡosi/ | эйини /ejini/ | чисанай /t͡ʃisanaj/ | аякан /ajakan/ | аявдави /ajavdavi/ |
| Cuore | ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠮᠠᠨ /nijaman/ | ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠮᠠᠨ /nijaman/ | niyaman /nijaman/ | миаван /miavan/ | миаван /miavan/ | мяван /mjavan/ | меван /mevan/ |
| Albero | ᠮᠣᠯᠣ /molo/ | ᠮᠣᠣ /moː/ | mo /mo/ | мо /mo/ | мо /mo/ | мо /mo/ | мо /mo/ |
| Casa | ᠪᠣᠣ /boː/ | ᠪᠣᠣ /boː/ | boo /boː/ | дё /dʒo/ | дзугди /d͡zuɡdi/ | дьу /dʒu/ | дю /dʒu/ |
| Cane | ᠨᡳᠨᠳᠠᡥᡡᠨ /nindaxun/ | ᡳᠨᡩᠠᡥᡡᠨ /indaxuːn/ | indahǔn /indahuːn/ | инда /inda/ | инай /inaj/ | нгин /ŋin/ | нгинакин /ŋinakin/ |
| Gatto | ᡴᡝᠰᡳᡴᡝ /kəsikə/ | ᡴᡝᠰᡳᡴᡝ /kəsikə/ | kesike /kesike/ | коси /kosi/ | кошк /koʃk/ | кошка /koʂka/ | кошка /koʂka/ |
| Mano | ᡤᠠᠯᠠ /ɡala/ | ᡤᠠᠯᠠ /ɡala/ | gala /ɡala/ | нгала /ŋala/ | нала /nala/ | нгал /ŋal/ | нгалэ /ŋale/ |
| Occhio | ᠶᠠᠰᠠ /jasa/ | ᠶᠠᠰᠠ /jasa/ | yasa /jasa/ | насал /nasal/ | писа /pisa/ | яса /jasa/ | эса /esa/ |
| Ciao | ᠨᡳᠩᡤᡝ ᠰᠠᡳᠨ /niŋɡe sain/ | ᠰᡳ ᠰᠠᡳᠨ /si sain/ | — /—/ | банди-банди /bandi bandi/ | бандиба /bandiba/ | дорова /dorova/ | дорообо /doroːbo/ |
| Grazie | ᠪᠠᠨᡳᡥᠠ /banixa/ | ᠪᠠᠨᡳᡥᠠ /banixa/ | — /—/ | банихан /banihan/ | нюхча /ɲuxt͡ʃa/ | пасиба /pasiba/ | пасиба /pasiba/ |
| Uno | ᡝᠮᡠ /əmu/ | ᠡᠮᡠ /əmu/ | emu /emu/ | эмун /emun/ | омо /omo/ | омэн /omen/ | умун /umun/ |
| Buono | ᠰᠠᡳᠨ /sain/ | ᠰᠠᡳᠨ /sain/ | sain /sain/ | ая /aja/ | ая /aja/ | ай /aj/ | ая /aja/ |
Pagina 1/3
Letture han a confronto
Confrontato con le lingue Tungusic > Southern Tungusic > Manchu-Sibe correlate
| Carattere | sibe | Manciù | Jurchen | proto-tunguso | Kitan | proto-mongolo | kun-yomi (lettura nativa giapponese) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 一 | emu /əmu/ | emu /emu/ | emu /emu/ | *əmun /*əmun/ | om /əm/ | *nigen /*niɡen/ | hito /çito/ |
| 二 | juwe /d͡ʑuwə/ | juwe /d͡ʒuwə/ | juwe /dʑuwe/ | *dʒuər /*d͡ʒuər/ | jur /dʒur/ | *qoyar /*qojar/ | futa /ɸɯta/ |
| 三 | ilan /ilan/ | ilan /ilan/ | ilan /ilan/ | *ilan /*ilan/ | gur /ɡur/ | *gurba(n) /*gurban/ | mi /mi/ |
| 四 | duin /duin/ | duin /duin/ | duin /duin/ | *dügin /*dyɡin/ | dur /dur/ | *dörbe(n) /*dœrben/ | yo /jo/ |
| 五 | sunja /sund͡ʑa/ | sunja /sund͡ʒa/ | sunja /sundʑa/ | *tuɲga /*tuɲɡa/ | tau /tau/ | *tabu(n) /*tabun/ | itsu /it͡sɯ/ |
| 六 | ninggun /niŋɢun/ | ninggun /niŋɡun/ | ninggun /niŋɡun/ | *ɲuŋun /*ɲuŋun/ | nil /nil/ | *jirguɣa(n) /*dʒirɣuɣan/ | mu /mɯ/ |
| 七 | nadan /nadan/ | nadan /nadan/ | nadan /nadan/ | *nadan /*nadan/ | dalu /dalu/ | *doluɣa(n) /*doluɣan/ | nana /nana/ |
| 八 | jakūn /d͡ʑaqun/ | jakūn /d͡ʒakʰuːn/ | jakūn /dʑakɯn/ | *dʒapkun /*d͡ʒapkun/ | naim /naim/ | *nayima(n) /*najiman/ | ya /ja/ |
| 九 | uyun /ujun/ | uyun /ujun/ | uyun /ujun/ | *xəgün /*xəɡyn/ | isen /isen/ | *yersü(n) /*jersyn/ | kokono /kokono/ |
| 十 | juwan /d͡ʑuwan/ | juwan /d͡ʒuwan/ | juwan /dʑuwan/ | *dʒuwan /*d͡ʒuwan/ | par /par/ | *harba(n) /*harban/ | tō /toː/ |
| 日 | šun /ɕun/ | šun /ʃun/ | šun /ʃun/ | *siun /*siun/ | nair /nair/ | *naran /*naran/ | hi /çi/ |
| 月 | biya /bija/ | biya /bija/ | biya /bija/ | *bēga /*beːɡa/ | sair /sair/ | *sara(n) /*saran/ | tsuki /t͡sɯki/ |
| 山 | alin /alin/ | alin /alin/ | alin /alin/ | *xada /*xada/ | ula /ʊla/ | *agula /*aɣula/ | yama /jama/ |
| 水 | muke /mutɕə/ | muke /mukə/ | muke /muke/ | *mū /*muː/ | us /ʊs/ | *usu(n) /*usun/ | mizu /midzɯ/ |
| 火 | tuwa /tuwa/ | tuwa /tuwa/ | tuwa /tuwa/ | *tōga /*toːɡa/ | gal /ɡal/ | *gal /*ɡal/ | hi /çi/ |
| 木 | moo /mɔː/ | moo /moː/ | moo /moː/ | *mō /*moː/ | — | *modu(n) /*modun/ | ki /ki/ |
| 土 | boihon /bɔiʁɔn/ | boihon /bojxon/ | boihon /boixon/ | *na /*na/ | — | *sirui /*siruj/ | tsuchi /t͡sɯt͡ɕi/ |
| 天 | abka /apqa/ | abka /abka/ | abka /abka/ | *abka /*abka/ | teŋri /tʰeŋri/ | *teŋri /*teŋri/ | ame /ame/ |
| 地 | na /na/ | na /na/ | na /na/ | *na /*na/ | — | *gajar /*ɡadʒar/ | — |
| 海 | mederi /mədəri/ | mederi /medəri/ | mederi /mederi/ | *lāmu /*laːmu/ | — | *dalai /*dalaj/ | umi /ɯmi/ |
| 龍 | muduri /muduri/ | muduri /muduri/ | muduri /muduri/ | — | — | — | tatsu /tat͡sɯ/ |
| 虎 | tasha /taɕa/ | tasha /taʃa/ | tasha /taʃa/ | — | — | — | tora /toɾa/ |
| 犬 | indahūn /indaʁun/ | indahūn /indaxuːn/ | indahūn /indaxɯn/ | *ŋinda /*ŋinda/ | — | *noxai /*noxaj/ | inu /inɯ/ |
| 馬 | morin /mɔrin/ | morin /morin/ | morin /morin/ | *murin /*murin/ | morin /morin/ | *mori(n) /*morin/ | uma /ɯma/ |
| 鳥 | gasha /ɢaɕa/ | gasha /ɡaʃa/ | gasha /ɡaʃa/ | *gasa /*ɡasa/ | — | *sibawun /*sibaʊn/ | tori /toɾi/ |
| 魚 | nimaha /nimaʁa/ | nimaha /nimaxa/ | nimaha /nimaxa/ | *nimaka /*nimaka/ | — | *jigasu(n) /*dʒiɣasun/ | sakana /sakana/ |
| 牛 | ihan /iʁan/ | ihan /ixan/ | ihan /ixan/ | *xuker /*xuker/ | — | *hüker /*hyker/ | ushi /ɯɕi/ |
| 羊 | honin /χɔnin/ | honin /xonin/ | honin /xonin/ | — | — | *honi(n) /*honin/ | hitsuji /çit͡sɯd͡ʑi/ |
| 貓 | kesike /kəsitɕə/ | kesike /kəsikə/ | — | — | — | — | neko /neko/ |
| 人 | niyalma /ɲalma/ | niyalma /njalma/ | niyalma /nialma/ | *niama /*niama/ | küü /kʰuː/ | *kümün /*kymyn/ | hito /çito/ |
| 手 | gala /ɢala/ | gala /ɡala/ | gala /ɡala/ | *ŋāla /*ŋaːla/ | — | *gar /*ɡar/ | te /te/ |
| 足 | bethe /bətxə/ | bethe /bətxə/ | bethe /betxe/ | *bəgdi /*bəɡdi/ | — | *köl /*kœl/ | ashi /aɕi/ |
| 目 | yasa /jaza/ | yasa /jasa/ | yasa /jasa/ | *jāsa /*jaːsa/ | — | *nidün /*nidyn/ | me /me/ |
| 耳 | šan /ɕan/ | šan /ʃan/ | šan /ʃan/ | *sēn /*seːn/ | — | *cikin /*tʃikin/ | mimi /mimi/ |
| 口 | angga /aŋɢa/ | angga /aŋɡa/ | angga /aŋɡa/ | *amŋa /*amŋa/ | — | *aman /*aman/ | kuchi /kɯt͡ɕi/ |
| 頭 | uju /ud͡ʑu/ | uju /ud͡ʒu/ | uju /udʑu/ | *dil /*dil/ | — | *terixün /*terixyn/ | atama /atama/ |
| 心 | niyaman /ɲaman/ | niyaman /njaman/ | niyaman /niaman/ | *mēwan /*meːwan/ | — | *jirüken /*dʒiryken/ | kokoro /kokoɾo/ |
| 血 | senggi /səŋɣi/ | senggi /səŋɡi/ | senggi /səŋɡi/ | *sēksə /*seːksə/ | — | *cisu(n) /*tʃisun/ | chi /t͡ɕi/ |
| 肉 | yali /jali/ | yali /jali/ | yali /jali/ | *uldʒə /*uld͡ʒə/ | — | *mika(n) /*mikan/ | — |
| 上 | dele /dələ/ | dele /dələ/ | dele /dələ/ | *ugi /*uɡi/ | — | *degere /*deɡere/ | ue /ɯe/ |
| 下 | fejile /fəd͡ʑilə/ | fejile /fəd͡ʒilə/ | fejile /fəjilə/ | *xərgi /*xərɡi/ | — | *doxora /*doxora/ | shita /ɕita/ |
| 中 | dulimba /dulimba/ | dulimba /dulimba/ | dulin /dulin/ | *dulin /*dulin/ | — | *dumda /*dumda/ | naka /naka/ |
| 中 | goibumbi /ɢɔibum/ | goibumbi /ɡoibumbi/ | — | *dulin /*dulin/ | — | *dumda /*dumda/ | ataru /ataɾɯ/ |
| 央 | dulimbai /dulimbai/ | dulimbai /dulimbai/ | dulimbai /dulimbai/ | *dulin /*dulin/ | — | — | — |
| 左 | hashū /χaɕu/ | hashū /xaʃuː/ | hashū /haʃɯ/ | *dʒəgün /*d͡ʒəɡyn/ | — | *jegün /*dʒeɡyn/ | hidari /çidaɾi/ |
| 右 | ici /it͡ɕi/ | ici /it͡ʃi/ | ici /itɕi/ | *aŋān /*aŋaːn/ | — | *baragun /*baraɣun/ | migi /migi/ |
| 東 | dergi /dərɡi/ | dergi /dərɡi/ | dergi /dərɡi/ | — | — | *jegün /*dʒeɡyn/ | higashi /çigaɕi/ |
| 西 | wargi /warɡi/ | wargi /warɡi/ | wargi /warɡi/ | — | — | *baragun /*baraɣun/ | nishi /niɕi/ |
| 南 | julergi /d͡ʑulərɡi/ | julergi /d͡ʒulərɡi/ | julergi /dʑulərɡi/ | — | — | *emüne /*emyne/ | minami /minami/ |
| 北 | amargi /amarɡi/ | amargi /amarɡi/ | amargi /amarɡi/ | — | — | *hoyitu /*hojitu/ | kita /kita/ |
| 行 | yabumbi /jawum/ | yabumbi /jabumbi/ | yabu- /jabu-/ | *jabu- /*jabu-/ | — | *yabu- /*jabu-/ | iku /ikɯ/ |
| 行 | faidan /faidan/ | faidan /faidan/ | — | *ŋənə- /*ŋənə-/ | — | *yabu- /*jabu-/ | — |
| 来 | jimbi /d͡ʑim/ | jimbi /d͡ʒimbi/ | ji- /dʑi-/ | *əmə- /*əmə-/ | — | *ire- /*ire-/ | kuru /kɯɾɯ/ |
| 去 | genembi /ɡənəm/ | genembi /ɡənəmbi/ | gene- /ɡənə-/ | *ŋənə- /*ŋənə-/ | — | *od- /*od-/ | saru /saɾɯ/ |
| 見 | sabumbi /sabum/ | sabumbi /sabumbi/ | sabu- /sabu-/ | *ičə- /*it͡ʃə-/ | — | *üje- /*ydʒe-/ | miru /miɾɯ/ |
| 聞 | donjimbi /dɔnd͡ʑim/ | donjimbi /dond͡ʒimbi/ | donji- /dondʑi-/ | *dōldi- /*doːldi-/ | — | *sonos- /*sonos-/ | kiku /kikɯ/ |
| 食 | jembi /d͡ʑəm/ | jembi /d͡ʒəmbi/ | je- /dʑe-/ | *dʒəp- /*d͡ʒəp-/ | — | *ide- /*ide-/ | kuu /kɯɯ/ |
| 飲 | omimbi /ɔmim/ | omimbi /omimbi/ | omi- /omi-/ | *umī- /*umiː-/ | — | *uxu- /*uxu-/ | nomu /nomɯ/ |
| 走 | sujumbi /sud͡ʑum/ | sujumbi /sud͡ʒumbi/ | suju- /sudʑu-/ | *tuksa- /*tuksa-/ | — | *güyü- /*ɡyjy-/ | hashiru /haɕiɾɯ/ |
| 坐 | tembi /təm/ | tembi /təmbi/ | te- /te-/ | *təgə- /*təɡə-/ | — | *saxu- /*saxu-/ | suwaru /sɯwaɾɯ/ |
| 立 | ilimbi /ilim/ | ilimbi /ilimbi/ | ili- /ili-/ | *ili- /*ili-/ | — | *bos- /*bos-/ | tatsu /tat͡sɯ/ |
Pagina 1/7
Parte di LangMap — un progetto di visualizzazione linguistica. Questo è un riepilogo statico e scansionabile; le mappe interattive offrono audio di pronuncia, filtri e una vista globo.