הונגרית עתיקה

Old Hungarian (Ómagyar) is the medieval stage of Hungarian, spanning ~9th-15th centuries from the Magyar conquest of the Pannonian Basin (895-907) through the Hungarian Renaissance. The Funeral Sermon and Prayer (Halotti beszéd és könyörgés, 1192-1195) is the oldest surviving complete Hungarian text and the second-oldest surviving complete Finno-Ugric text (after Old Hungarian fragments). The Old Hungarian Mary Lament (Ómagyar Mária-siralom, ~1300) is the oldest surviving Hungarian poem. Old Hungarian preserves classical Finno-Ugric features: vowel harmony (front/back), agglutinative case suffixes (~14 cases), possessive suffixes, and lacks grammatical gender. Phonological changes from Old to Modern Hungarian include simplification of long vowels and palatalization of consonant clusters.