volgare illustre
Italien (époque de Dante)
Indo-European (Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Tuscan) · variété historique / masquée
Old Italian (italiano antico) is the literary Florentine Tuscan of the "Three Crowns" of the 14th century: Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy (~1308-1320), Petrarch's Canzoniere (~1350), and Boccaccio's Decameron (~1353). Foundational to the Italian literary canon and the basis on which Pietro Bembo's Prose della volgar lingua (1525) standardized Modern Italian. Distinguishing features from Modern Italian (it): foco (vs fuoco), bevere (vs bere), core (vs cuore), mercede (vs grazie); passato remoto used as default narrative tense; archaic articles (lo, li) before consonant clusters; ellisi-rich syntax; Provençal/Sicilian poetic vocabulary borrowings. Pronunciation reflects 14c. Tuscan: closed /e o/ in many words later opened in Modern standard, intervocalic /s/ voiced /z/ throughout (preserved in Modern Tuscan accent), unraised /i u/ in checked syllables. Taught canonically in Italian schools (Liceo Classico) for reading the Divine Comedy and the Tuscan canon.
Où elle est parlée
20 mots essentiels en Italien (époque de Dante)
Eau
acqua
/ˈakːwa/
Feu
foco
/ˈfɔko/
Soleil
sole
/ˈsole/
Lune
luna
/ˈluna/
Mère
madre
/ˈmaːdre/
Père
padre
/ˈpaːdre/
Manger
mangiare
/manˈd͡ʒare/
Boire
bevere
/ˈbevere/
Amour
amore
/aˈmore/
Cœur
core
/ˈkɔre/
Arbre
albero
/ˈalbero/
Maison
casa
/ˈkasa/
Chien
cane
/ˈkane/
Chat
gatto
/ˈɡatːo/
Main
mano
/ˈmano/
Œil
occhio
/ˈɔkːjo/
Bonjour
salute
/saˈlute/
Merci
mercede
/merˈt͡ʃede/
Un
uno
/ˈuno/
Bon
buono
/ˈbwɔno/
Sources
Mots comparés
Comparé aux langues Indo-European (Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Tuscan) apparentées
| Sens | Italien (époque de Dante) | Italien | ancien espagnol | Espagnol du Siècle d'or | Espagnol (Europe) | aragonais | Espéranto |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eau | acqua /ˈakːwa/ | acqua /ˈakkwa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | augua /ˈawɡwa/ | akvo /ˈakvo/ |
| Feu | foco /ˈfɔko/ | fuoco /ˈfwɔːko/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ | fajro /ˈfajro/ |
| Soleil | sole /ˈsole/ | sole /ˈsoːle/ | sol /sol/ | sol /sol/ | sol /sol/ | sol /sol/ | suno /ˈsuno/ |
| Lune | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluːna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luno /ˈluno/ |
| Mère | madre /ˈmaːdre/ | madre /ˈmaːdre/ | madre /ˈmaðre/ | madre /ˈmadɾe/ | madre /ˈmaðɾe/ | mai /maj/ | patrino /paˈtrino/ |
| Père | padre /ˈpaːdre/ | padre /ˈpaːdre/ | padre /ˈpaðre/ | padre /ˈpadɾe/ | padre /ˈpaðɾe/ | pai /paj/ | patro /ˈpatro/ |
| Manger | mangiare /manˈd͡ʒare/ | mangiare /manˈd͡ʒaːre/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | minchar /minˈt͡ʃaɾ/ | manĝi /ˈmandʒi/ |
| Boire | bevere /ˈbevere/ | bere /ˈbeːre/ | bever /beˈveɾ/ | beuer /beˈβeɾ/ | beber /beˈβeɾ/ | beber /beˈβeɾ/ | trinki /ˈtrinki/ |
| Amour | amore /aˈmore/ | amore /aˈmoːre/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amo /ˈamo/ |
| Cœur | core /ˈkɔre/ | cuore /ˈkwɔːre/ | coraçón /koɾaˈt͡son/ | coraçón /koɾaˈt͡son/ | corazón /koɾaˈθon/ | corazón /koɾaˈθon/ | koro /ˈkoro/ |
| Arbre | albero /ˈalbero/ | albero /ˈalbero/ | árbor /ˈaɾβoɾ/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | arbo /ˈarbo/ |
| Maison | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkaːsa/ | casa /ˈkaza/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | domo /ˈdomo/ |
| Chien | cane /ˈkane/ | cane /ˈkaːne/ | can /kan/ | perro /ˈpero/ | perro /ˈpero/ | can /kan/ | hundo /ˈhundo/ |
| Chat | gatto /ˈɡatːo/ | gatto /ˈɡatto/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | kato /ˈkato/ |
| Main | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmaːno/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ |
| Œil | occhio /ˈɔkːjo/ | occhio /ˈɔkkjo/ | ojo /ˈoʒo/ | ojo /ˈoʃo/ | ojo /ˈoxo/ | güello /ˈɣweʎo/ | okulo /oˈkulo/ |
| Bonjour | salute /saˈlute/ | ciao /ˈt͡ʃaːo/ | salud /saˈlud/ | Dios os guarde /djos os ˈɡwaɾde/ | hola /ˈola/ | hola /ˈola/ | saluton /saˈluton/ |
| Merci | mercede /merˈt͡ʃede/ | grazie /ˈɡratt͡sje/ | mercedes /meɾˈt͡seðes/ | gracias /ˈɡɾat͡sjas/ | gracias /ˈɡɾaθjas/ | gracias /ˈɡɾaθjas/ | dankon /ˈdankon/ |
| Un | uno /ˈuno/ | uno /ˈuːno/ | uno /ˈuno/ | uno /ˈuno/ | uno /ˈuno/ | un /un/ | unu /ˈunu/ |
| Bon | buono /ˈbwɔno/ | buono /ˈbwɔːno/ | bono /ˈbono/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ | bona /ˈbona/ |
Fait partie de LangMap — un projet de visualisation linguistique. Ceci est un résumé statique et explorable ; les cartes interactives offrent l’audio de prononciation, des filtres et une vue globe.