𐦨𐦫𐦡𐦴𐦢𐦤

Meroitic

Meroitic (debated; possibly Eastern Sudanic) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyMeroitic (debated; possibly Eastern Sudanic) SpeakersExtinct (~3c. BCE - 4c. CE) ScriptMeroitic Hieroglyphs (U+10980) and Meroitic Cursive (U+109A0) CountriesKingdom of Kush / Meroe (modern Sudan) Official inMeroitic kingdom Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3xmr

Meroitic was the language of the Kingdom of Kush, centered at Meroe (modern Sudan), from ~3c. BCE to ~4c. CE. Two scripts (hieroglyphic and cursive) were both deciphered by Francis Llewellyn Griffith (1909) — the SOUNDS are known, but the LANGUAGE itself remains poorly understood. Most attested vocabulary consists of titles, names, and ritual formulae.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Meroitic

Water

𐦠𐦴

/at/

Fire

/—/

Sun

𐦨𐦬

/ms/

Moon

/—/

Mother

𐦢𐦫𐦡𐦡

/kdke/

Father

𐦡𐦢

/qor/

Eat

/—/

Drink

/—/

Love

/—/

Heart

/—/

Tree

/—/

House

/—/

Dog

/—/

Cat

/—/

Hand

/—/

Eye

/—/

Hello

/—/

Thank you

/—/

One

/—/

Good

𐦞𐦢𐦮𐦤

/akheniska/

Words compared

Compared with related Meroitic (debated; possibly Eastern Sudanic) languages

Meaning MeroiticGoguryeoNicaraguan Sign LanguageProto-Japonic-KoreanicMessapicTartessianLiburnian
Water 𐦠𐦴 /at/ /*mai/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/
Fire /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/
Sun 𐦨𐦬 /ms/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/
Moon /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/
Mother 𐦢𐦫𐦡𐦡 /kdke/ /—/ /—/ *əma /əma/ /—/ /—/ /—/
Father 𐦡𐦢 /qor/ /—/ /—/ *əpa /əpa/ ana /ˈana/ /—/ /—/
Eat /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/
Drink /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/
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