वैदिक संस्कृतम्
Vedic Sanskrit
Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Visayan) · historical / hidden variety
Waray-Waray (Winaray) is a Visayan Austronesian language of the Philippines spoken in the Eastern Visayas — primarily Samar, Leyte and Biliran islands — by ~6M people, the fifth most-spoken language in the Philippines after Tagalog, Cebuano, Hiligaynon and Ilocano. Closely related to Cebuano (ceb) and Hiligaynon (hil) within the Visayan branch, it has diverged enough for limited mutual intelligibility. Recognized as a regional language under the 1987 Philippine Constitution. The 2013 Typhoon Haiyan/Yolanda devastated the Waray heartland of Tacloban-Leyte, drawing global attention. Strong oral literary tradition (siday verse, balak poetry) and modern singers like Yoyoy Villame.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Vedic Sanskrit
Water
आपः
/aːpaɦ/
Fire
अग्निः
/aɡniɦ/
Sun
सूर्यः
/suːrjaɦ/
Moon
चन्द्रमाः
/tɕandramaːɦ/
Mother
माता
/maːtaː/
Father
पिता
/pitaː/
Eat
अत्ति
/atti/
Drink
पिबति
/pibati/
Love
स्निह्यति
/snihjati/
Heart
हृदयम्
/hr̩dajam/
Tree
वृक्षः
/vr̩kʂaɦ/
House
गृहम्
/ɡr̩ham/
Dog
श्वा
/ɕwaː/
Cat
मार्जारः
/maːrdʑaːraɦ/
Hand
हस्तः
/hastaɦ/
Eye
अक्षि
/akʂi/
Hello
स्वस्ति
/swasti/
Thank you
—
/—/
One
एकः
/eːkaɦ/
Good
साधु
/saːdʱu/
Sources
- Ethnologue: war
- Wolff (1972) A Dictionary of Cebuano Visayan
- Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Visayan) languages
| Meaning | Vedic Sanskrit | Modern Spoken Sanskrit | Sanskrit | Pali | Pedagogical Pali (Theravada monastic) | Maharastri Prakrit | Avestan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | आपः /aːpaɦ/ | जलम् /dʑalam/ | जलम् /dʑalam/ | उदक /udaka/ | udaka /udaka/ | उदग /udaɡa/ | 𐬁𐬞 /aːp/ |
| Fire | अग्निः /aɡniɦ/ | अग्निः /aɡniɦ/ | अग्निः /aɡniɦ/ | अग्गि /aɡːi/ | aggi /aɡːi/ | अग्गि /aɡɡi/ | 𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 /aːtar/ |
| Sun | सूर्यः /suːrjaɦ/ | सूर्यः /suːɾjaɦ/ | सूर्यः /suːɾjaɦ/ | सुरिय /surija/ | suriya /suɾija/ | सूर /suːɾa/ | 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆 /huwarə/ |
| Moon | चन्द्रमाः /tɕandramaːɦ/ | चन्द्रः /tɕandɾaɦ/ | चन्द्रः /tɕandɾaɦ/ | चन्द /tɕanda/ | canda /tɕanda/ | चंद /tʃanda/ | 𐬨𐬁𐬵 /maːh/ |
| Mother | माता /maːtaː/ | माता /maːtaː/ | माता /maːtaː/ | माता /maːtaː/ | mātā /maːtaː/ | माय /maːja/ | 𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 /maːtar/ |
| Father | पिता /pitaː/ | पिता /pitaː/ | पिता /pitaː/ | पिता /pitaː/ | pitā /pitaː/ | पिअ /piaː/ | 𐬞𐬌𐬙𐬀𐬭 /pitar/ |
| Eat | अत्ति /atti/ | खादति /kʰaːdati/ | खादति /kʰaːdati/ | खादति /kʰaːdati/ | bhuñjati /bʱuɲd͡ʒati/ | खा /kʰaː/ | 𐬑𐬬𐬀𐬭 /xwar/ |
| Drink | पिबति /pibati/ | पिबति /pibati/ | पिबति /pibati/ | पिवति /pivati/ | pivati /pivati/ | पिब /piba/ | 𐬞𐬁 /paː/ |
| Love | स्निह्यति /snihjati/ | स्नेहः /sneːhaɦ/ | प्रेम /preːma/ | पेम /pema/ | mettā /metːaː/ | पेम /peːma/ | 𐬟𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 /frija/ |
| Heart | हृदयम् /hr̩dajam/ | हृदयम् /hr̩dajam/ | हृदयम् /hr̩dajam/ | हदय /hadaja/ | hadaya /hadaja/ | हिअ /hiaː/ | 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 /zərəd/ |
| Tree | वृक्षः /vr̩kʂaɦ/ | वृक्षः /vr̩kʂaɦ/ | वृक्षः /vr̩kʂaɦ/ | रुक्ख /rukːʰa/ | rukkha /rukːʰa/ | रुक्ख /rukːʰa/ | 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬯𐬀 /waesa/ |
| House | गृहम् /ɡr̩ham/ | गृहम् /ɡr̩ham/ | गृहम् /ɡr̩ham/ | घर /ɡʱara/ | gehā /ɡehaː/ | घर /ɡʱaɾa/ | 𐬥𐬨𐬁𐬥𐬀 /nmaːna/ |
| Dog | श्वा /ɕwaː/ | कुक्कुरः /kukːuɾaɦ/ | श्वा /ɕvaː/ | सुनख /sunakʰa/ | sunakha /sunakʰa/ | सुणग /suɳaɡa/ | 𐬯𐬞𐬁 /spaː/ |
| Cat | मार्जारः /maːrdʑaːraɦ/ | मार्जारः /maːɾdʑaːɾaɦ/ | मार्जारः /maːɾdʑaːɾaɦ/ | बिळाल /biɭaːla/ | biḷāra /biɭaːɾa/ | मज्जार /madʒːaːra/ | — /—/ |
| Hand | हस्तः /hastaɦ/ | हस्तः /hastaɦ/ | हस्तः /hastaɦ/ | हत्थ /hatːʰa/ | hattha /hatːʰa/ | हत्थ /hatːʰa/ | 𐬰𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 /zasta/ |
| Eye | अक्षि /akʂi/ | अक्षि /akʂi/ | नेत्रम् /neːtɾam/ | चक्खु /tɕakːʰu/ | cakkhu /tɕakːʰu/ | अच्छि /atʃːʰi/ | 𐬗𐬀𐬱𐬨𐬀𐬥 /tʃaʃman/ |
| Hello | स्वस्ति /swasti/ | नमस्कारः /namaskaːɾaɦ/ | नमस्ते /namasteː/ | नमो /namo/ | namo /namo/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | धन्यवादाः /dʱanjaʋaːdaːɦ/ | धन्यवादः /dʱanjaʋaːdaɦ/ | अनुमोदामि /anumodaːmi/ | anumodanā /anumodanaː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| One | एकः /eːkaɦ/ | एकः /eːkaɦ/ | एकः /eːkaɦ/ | एक /eka/ | eka /eka/ | एग /eɡa/ | 𐬀𐬉𐬬𐬀 /aewa/ |
| Good | साधु /saːdʱu/ | साधु /saːdʱu/ | साधु /saːdʱu/ | सुन्दर /sundara/ | kusala /kusala/ | सुंदर /sundara/ | 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬎 /vohu/ |
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