P'urhépecha

Purépecha

isolate

Familyisolate Speakers~142K L1 ScriptLatin alphabet: a b ch chʼ d e g i ï j k kʼ m n nh o p pʼ r rh s t tʼ Official inOfficial national language of Mexico (General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples, 2003)

Purépecha (P’urhépecha; ISO 639-3: tsz), historically called Tarascan, is an Indigenous language isolate spoken mainly in Michoacán, Mexico. Its principal regional groupings include the Lake Pátzcuaro area, the Sierra or Meseta, and the Cañada, with substantial variation within and between communities; many speakers prefer Purépecha because Tarascan is a colonial name. The language is strongly suffixing and agglutinative, has flexible constituent order described as both SVO and SOV, and uses extensive spatial and body-part suffixes. It is written in Latin-based orthographies, but spelling and grammatical standardization remain contested across regional varieties. Mexican law recognizes Purépecha and other Indigenous languages as national languages with the same validity as Spanish in their relevant settings, yet intergenerational shift to Spanish and uneven Indigenous-language schooling threaten transmission in many communities.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Purépecha

Water

itsï

/iˈtsɨ/

Fire

ch'ipiri

/tʃʰiˈpiɾi/

Sun

jurhiata

/xuɾˈjata/

Moon

kutsi

/ˈkutsi/

Star

jóskua

/ˈxoskwa/

Mother

nana

/ˈnana/

Father

tata

/ˈtata/

I

ji

/xi/

You

t'u

/tʼu/

Name

arhikua

/aɽiˈkwa/

Eye

éskua

/ˈeskwa/

Hand

jájki

/ˈhaxki/

Heart

mintsita

/minˈtsita/

Love

uémbekua

/weˈmbekwa/

Tree

anhatapu

/anaˈtapu/

House

taa

/ˈta/

Dog

uíchu

/ˈwitʃu/

Cat

misitu

/miˈsitu/

Eat

t'ireni

/tʰiˈɾeni/

Drink

xurhundini marhuatani

/xuɾˈu̥ndini maɾwaˈtani/

One

ma

/ˈma/

Two

tsimani

/tsiˈmani/

Hello

/—/

Thank you

diosï meyamu

/diosɨ meˈjamu/

Good

sesi

/ˈsesi/

Words compared

Compared with related isolate languages

Meaning PurépechaChavacanoCoastal KadazanMegleno-RomanianMakasaeLojbanPapuan Malay
Water itsï /iˈtsɨ/ agua /ˈaɡwa/ waig /waiɡ/ apâ /ˈapɨ/ ira /ˈira/ djacu /ˈdʒaʃu/ air /aer/
Fire ch'ipiri /tʃʰiˈpiɾi/ fuego /ˈfweɡo/ tapui /taˈpui/ foc /fok/ ata /ˈata/ fagri /ˈfaɡri/ api /ˈapi/
Sun jurhiata /xuɾˈjata/ sol /sol/ tadau /taˈdau/ soari /ˈsoari/ watu /ˈwatu/ solri /ˈsolri/ matahari /mataˈhari/
Moon kutsi /ˈkutsi/ luna /ˈluna/ vuhan /ˈvuhan/ lunâ /ˈlunɨ/ uru /ˈuru/ lunra /ˈlunra/ bulan /ˈbulan/
Star jóskua /ˈxoskwa/ estrella /esˈtɾeja/ tombituon /tombituon/ steauã /ˈste̯awə/ ipi /ipi/ tarci /ˈtarʃi/ bintang /bintaŋ/
Mother nana /ˈnana/ nana /ˈnana/ tina /ˈtina/ mumâ /ˈmumɨ/ ina /ˈina/ mamta /ˈmamta/ mama /ˈmama/
Father tata /ˈtata/ tata /ˈtata/ tama /ˈtama/ tatâ /ˈtatɨ/ baba /ˈbaba/ patfu /ˈpatfu/ bapa /ˈbapa/
I ji /xi/ yo /jo/ zou /zou/ io /jo/ ani /ani/ mi /mi/ sa /sa/
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