Yumplatok

Torres Strait Creole

English-based creole (Pacific, Melanesian Pijin family)

FamilyEnglish-based creole (Pacific, Melanesian Pijin family) Speakers~25K (~6K L1 + ~20K L2) ScriptLatin CountriesAustralia (Torres Strait Islands; mainland north Queensland diaspora) Official inNo (English is sole official; Torres Strait Creole is recognized regional) Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3tcs

Torres Strait Creole (Yumplatok, also known as Brokan or Broken English) is an English-based creole spoken across the Torres Strait Islands between Australia and Papua New Guinea, plus the diaspora in north Queensland mainland (Cairns, Townsville). It emerged in the 19th-century Pacific Islander labour trade and pearl-shelling industry, sharing substrate features with Tok Pisin (tpi) and Bislama as part of the Melanesian Pijin family but with distinct Australian and Eastern Torres Strait (Meriam Mir) Papuan substrate influences. The community name "Yumplatok" ("you+me+altogether+talk") reflects its inclusive identity. Recognized as a separate language by Australian Indigenous Language frameworks since the 1980s.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Torres Strait Creole

Water

woda

/woda/

Fire

paya

/paja/

Sun

san

/san/

Moon

mun

/mun/

Mother

mama

/mama/

Father

papa

/papa/

Eat

kaikai

/kajkaj/

Drink

dringk

/dʒɾiŋk/

Love

lavem

/lavɛm/

Heart

hart

/hart/

Tree

tri

/tʃɾi/

House

haus

/haʊs/

Dog

dog

/dɔɡ/

Cat

pusiket

/pusiket/

Hand

han

/han/

Eye

ai

/aj/

Hello

wis wei

/wis wej/

Thank you

eso

/ɛso/

One

wan

/wan/

Good

gud

/ɡud/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related English-based creole (Pacific, Melanesian Pijin family) languages

Meaning Torres Strait CreoleBislamaPijinTok PisinNigerian PidginKrioBahamian Creole
Water woda /woda/ wota /wota/ wata /wata/ wara /waɾa/ wọtá /wɔta/ wata /ˈwata/ watah /wɑːtə/
Fire paya /paja/ faea /faea/ faea /faja/ paia /paja/ faya /faja/ faya /ˈfaja/ fyah /fajə/
Sun san /san/ san /san/ san /san/ san /san/ sọn /sɔn/ san /san/ son /sɔn/
Moon mun /mun/ mun /mun/ mun /mun/ mun /mun/ mun /mun/ mun /mun/ moon /muːn/
Mother mama /mama/ mama /mama/ mami /mami/ mama /mama/ mama /mama/ mama /ˈmama/ mama /mama/
Father papa /papa/ papa /papa/ dadi /dadi/ papa /papa/ papa /papa/ papa /ˈpapa/ daddy /dadi/
Eat kaikai /kajkaj/ kakae /kakae/ kaikai /kajkaj/ kaikai /kajkaj/ chọp /tʃɔp/ it /it/ eat /iːt/
Drink dringk /dʒɾiŋk/ dring /driŋ/ dring /driŋ/ dring /dɾiŋ/ drink /dɾiŋk/ drink /drɪŋk/ drink /dɹɪŋk/
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