Tayal

Atayal

Austronesian (Atayalic)

FamilyAustronesian (Atayalic) Speakers~90K (~10K daily L1) ScriptLatin (CIP romanization) CountriesTaiwan (North-central mountains) Official inTaiwan (recognized indigenous language) Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3tay

Atayal (Tayal) is the principal Northern Formosan language of mountainous northern Taiwan, spoken by ~85K with ~10K daily L1 users. Recognized as one of Taiwan's 16 indigenous Austronesian languages. Two main dialects: Squliq (more conservative, basis of standard) and C'uli'. Notable for facial-tattoo (ptasan) tradition marking adulthood (banned by Japanese colonial administration 1913). The reduplicative-rich verbal morphology and Austronesian focus-marking system of Atayal are central evidence in Formosan-as-homeland hypotheses.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Atayal

Water

qsya'

/qsijaʔ/

Fire

puniq

/puniq/

Sun

wagi'

/waɡiʔ/

Moon

byacing

/bjatʃiŋ/

Star

pintuxan

/pintuxan/

Mother

yaya'

/jajaʔ/

Father

yaba'

/jabaʔ/

I

kuzing

/kuziŋ/

You

isu'

/ʔisuʔ/

Name

lalu'

/laluʔ/

Eye

roziq

/roziq/

Hand

qba'

/qbaʔ/

Heart

nyux

/njux/

Love

kmalu inlungan

/kmalu inluŋan/

Tree

qhuniq

/qhuniq/

House

ngasal

/ŋasal/

Dog

huzil

/huzil/

Cat

ngiyaw

/ŋijaw/

Eat

maniq

/maniq/

Drink

mqwalax

/mqwalax/

One

qutux

/qutux/

Two

sazing

/saziŋ/

Hello

lokah

/lokah/

Thank you

mhuway

/mhuwaj/

Good

blaq

/blaq/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Austronesian (Atayalic) languages

Meaning AtayalTruku/SeediqBununKaqchikelIbanNorth Moluccan MalayPatani Malay
Water qsya' /qsijaʔ/ qsiya /qsija/ danum /danum/ yaʼ /jaʔ/ ai /ai/ aer /aer/ ayé /ajeʔ/
Fire puniq /puniq/ puniq /puniq/ sapuz /sapuz/ qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/
Sun wagi' /waɡiʔ/ hidaw /hidaw/ vali /vali/ qʼij /qʼix/ mata-ari /mataari/ matahari /matahari/ matari /mataʁe/
Moon byacing /bjatʃiŋ/ idas /idas/ buan /buan/ ikʼ /ikʼ/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulé /buleʔ/
Star pintuxan /pintuxan/ pngrah /pŋərah/ bintuhan /bintuhan/ chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintae /bintɛ/
Mother yaya' /jajaʔ/ bubu /bubu/ tina /tina/ teʼ /teʔ/ indai /indai/ mama /mama/ emak /əmaʔ/
Father yaba' /jabaʔ/ tama /tama/ tama /tama/ tataʼ /tataʔ/ apai /apai/ papa /papa/ aboh /aboh/
I kuzing /kuziŋ/ yaku /jaku/ saikin /saikin/ rïn /rɨn/ aku /aku/ kita /kita/ kawe /kawɛ/
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