Kapampangan
Austronesian (Central Luzon)
Kapampangan (Pampangan) is the language of the Pampanga region in central Luzon, Philippines, with ~2.4M speakers. The only major Philippine language outside the Greater Central Philippine subgroup, classified instead as a Central Luzon language alongside Sambal. Preserves archaic Austronesian features (PMP *q remains as glottal stop), retains the verbless equational sentence structure, and has an unusually rich set of pronoun forms. Latin orthography; literary tradition since the 17th-c. Spanish missionaries; UNESCO recognized.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Kapampangan
Water
danum
/daˈnum/
Fire
api
/ʔaˈpi/
Sun
aldo
/ʔalˈdoʔ/
Moon
bulan
/buˈlan/
Mother
ima
/ˈʔimaʔ/
Father
tata
/ˈtataʔ/
Eat
mangan
/maˈŋan/
Drink
minum
/miˈnum/
Love
lugud
/luˈɡud/
Heart
pusu
/ˈpusuʔ/
Tree
dutung
/duˈtuŋ/
House
bale
/baˈleʔ/
Dog
asu
/ˈʔasu/
Cat
pusa
/ˈpusaʔ/
Hand
gamat
/ɡaˈmat/
Eye
mata
/maˈtaʔ/
Hello
kumusta
/kuˈmusta/
Thank you
dakal a salamat
/dakal a saˈlamat/
One
metung
/meˈtuŋ/
Good
mayap
/maˈjap/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian (Central Luzon) languages
| Meaning | Kapampangan | Pangasinan | Maguindanao | Central Cagayan Agta | Ilocano | Coastal Kadazan | Tagalog |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | danum /daˈnum/ | danum /daˈnum/ | ig /ʔiɡ/ | danum /danum/ | danum /danum/ | waig /waiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ |
| Fire | api /ʔaˈpi/ | apoy /ˈʔapoj/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | apuy /ʔaˈpuj/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | tapui /taˈpui/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ |
| Sun | aldo /ʔalˈdoʔ/ | agew /ˈʔaɡəw/ | senang /seˈnaŋ/ | agew /ˈʔaɡew/ | init /ʔinit/ | tadau /taˈdau/ | araw /ˈʔaɾaw/ |
| Moon | bulan /buˈlan/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | vuhan /ˈvuhan/ | buwan /buwan/ |
| Mother | ima /ˈʔimaʔ/ | ina /ˈʔina/ | ina /ˈʔina/ | ina /ʔiˈna/ | ina /ʔiˈna/ | tina /ˈtina/ | ina /ʔiˈna/ |
| Father | tata /ˈtataʔ/ | ama /ˈʔama/ | ama /ˈʔama/ | ama /ʔaˈma/ | ama /ʔaˈma/ | tama /ˈtama/ | ama /ʔaˈma/ |
| Eat | mangan /maˈŋan/ | mangan /maˈŋan/ | kakan /kaˈkan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | mangakan /maˈŋakan/ | kumain /kumaˈʔin/ |
| Drink | minum /miˈnum/ | oninum /ʔoˈninum/ | inum /ʔiˈnum/ | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | monginum /moˈŋinum/ | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ |
| Love | lugud /luˈɡud/ | aro /ˈʔaɾo/ | kalini /kaˈlini/ | ayat /ʔaˈjat/ | ayat /ʔaˈjat/ | ohunod /oˈhunod/ | pag-ibig /paɡʔibiɡ/ |
| Heart | pusu /ˈpusuʔ/ | puso /ˈpuso/ | pusong /puˈsoŋ/ | poso /poso/ | puso /puso/ | kosingan /koˈsiŋan/ | puso /puˈsoʔ/ |
| Tree | dutung /duˈtuŋ/ | kiew /ˈkiəw/ | kayu /kaˈju/ | kayo /kajo/ | kayo /kajo/ | kayu /ˈkaju/ | puno /puno/ |
| House | bale /baˈleʔ/ | abong /ˈʔaboŋ/ | walay /waˈlaj/ | balay /balaj/ | balay /balaj/ | walai /waˈlai/ | bahay /bahaj/ |
| Dog | asu /ˈʔasu/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | atu /ˈʔatu/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | tasu /ˈtasu/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ |
| Cat | pusa /ˈpusaʔ/ | pusa /ˈpusa/ | kuting /kuˈtiŋ/ | kuti /kuti/ | pusa /pusa/ | tusing /ˈtusiŋ/ | pusa /pusa/ |
| Hand | gamat /ɡaˈmat/ | lima /liˈma/ | lima /liˈma/ | lima /lima/ | ima /ʔima/ | longon /ˈloŋon/ | kamay /kamaj/ |
| Eye | mata /maˈtaʔ/ | mata /maˈta/ | mata /maˈta/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mato /ˈmato/ | mata /mata/ |
| Hello | kumusta /kuˈmusta/ | maabig ya agew /maˈʔabiɡ ja ˈʔaɡəw/ | assalamu alaikum /assaˈlamu ʔaˈlajkum/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kablaaw /kablaʔaw/ | kopivosian /kopiˈvosian/ | kamusta /kamusta/ |
| Thank you | dakal a salamat /dakal a saˈlamat/ | salamat /saˈlamat/ | sukran /ˈsukɾan/ | salamat /salamat/ | agyamanak /ʔaɡjamanak/ | pounsikou /pounˈsikou/ | salamat /salamat/ |
| One | metung /meˈtuŋ/ | sakey /saˈkəj/ | isa /ˈʔisa/ | isa /ʔiˈsa/ | maysa /majsa/ | iso /ˈiso/ | isa /ʔiˈsa/ |
| Good | mayap /maˈjap/ | maong /maˈʔoŋ/ | mapiya /maˈpija/ | napya /napja/ | nasayaat /nasajaʔat/ | avasi /aˈvasi/ | mabuti /mabuti/ |
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