Kapampangan
Austronesian (Central Luzon)
Kapampangan (Pampangan) is the language of the Pampanga region in central Luzon, Philippines, with ~2.4M speakers. One of the few major Philippine languages outside the Greater Central Philippine subgroup, classified instead as a Central Luzon language alongside Sambal. Preserves archaic Austronesian features (PMP *q remains as a glottal stop), retains the verbless equational sentence structure, and has an unusually rich set of pronoun forms. Latin orthography; literary tradition since the 17th-c. Spanish missionaries; UNESCO recognized.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Kapampangan
Water
danum
/daˈnum/
Fire
api
/ʔaˈpi/
Sun
aldo
/ʔalˈdoʔ/
Moon
bulan
/buˈlan/
Star
batwin
/batwin/
Mother
ima
/ˈʔimaʔ/
Father
tata
/ˈtataʔ/
I
aku
/ʔaku/
You
ika
/ʔika/
Name
lagyu
/lagjuʔ/
Eye
mata
/maˈtaʔ/
Hand
gamat
/ɡaˈmat/
Heart
pusu
/ˈpusuʔ/
Love
lugud
/luˈɡud/
Tree
dutung
/duˈtuŋ/
House
bale
/baˈleʔ/
Dog
asu
/ˈʔasu/
Cat
pusa
/ˈpusaʔ/
Eat
mangan
/maˈŋan/
Drink
minum
/miˈnum/
One
metung
/meˈtuŋ/
Two
adwa
/ʔadwa/
Hello
kumusta
/kuˈmusta/
Thank you
dakal a salamat
/dakal a saˈlamat/
Good
mayap
/maˈjap/
Cuckoo
siabukut
/siˈabukut/
Woof
kaung
/kaʊŋ/
Computer
kompyuter
/komˈpjutɛr/
Sushi
sushi
/ˈsuʃi/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian (Central Luzon) languages
| Meaning | Kapampangan | Pangasinan | Maguindanao | Ilocano | Tagalog | Tausug | Waray |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | danum /daˈnum/ | danum /daˈnum/ | ig /ʔiɡ/ | danum /danum/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ |
| Fire | api /ʔaˈpi/ | apoy /ˈʔapoj/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | kayu /kaju/ | kalayo /kalajɔ/ |
| Sun | aldo /ʔalˈdoʔ/ | agew /ˈʔaɡəw/ | senang /seˈnaŋ/ | init /ʔinit/ | araw /ˈʔaɾaw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | adlaw /ʔadlaw/ |
| Moon | bulan /buˈlan/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | bulan /bulan/ | buwan /buwan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | batwin /batwin/ | bitewen /bitewɛn/ | bituon /bituʔon/ | bituen /bituˈen/ | bituin /bɪtuˈʔin/ | bituun /bituʔun/ | bitoon /bituʔon/ |
| Mother | ima /ˈʔimaʔ/ | ina /ˈʔina/ | ina /ˈʔina/ | ina /ʔiˈna/ | ina /ʔiˈna/ | inaꞌ /inaʔ/ | nanay /nanaj/ |
| Father | tata /ˈtataʔ/ | ama /ˈʔama/ | ama /ˈʔama/ | ama /ʔaˈma/ | ama /ʔaˈma/ | amaꞌ /amaʔ/ | tatay /tataj/ |
| I | aku /ʔaku/ | siak /siʔak/ | saki /saki/ | siak /siˈak/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | aku /aku/ | ako /ʔako/ |
| You | ika /ʔika/ | sika /sika/ | seka /səka/ | sika /siˈka/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ikaw /ikaw/ | ikaw /ʔikaw/ |
| Name | lagyu /lagjuʔ/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngala /ŋala/ | nagan /ˈnaɡan/ | pangalan /paˈŋalan/ | ngan /ŋan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ |
| Eye | mata /maˈtaʔ/ | mata /maˈta/ | mata /maˈta/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Hand | gamat /ɡaˈmat/ | lima /liˈma/ | lima /liˈma/ | ima /ʔima/ | kamay /kamaj/ | lima /lima/ | kamot /kamɔt/ |
| Heart | pusu /ˈpusuʔ/ | puso /ˈpuso/ | pusong /puˈsoŋ/ | puso /puso/ | puso /puˈsoʔ/ | pusuꞌ /pusuʔ/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ |
| Love | lugud /luˈɡud/ | aro /ˈʔaɾo/ | kalini /kaˈlini/ | ayat /ʔaˈjat/ | pag-ibig /paɡʔibiɡ/ | lasa /lasa/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ |
| Tree | dutung /duˈtuŋ/ | kiew /ˈkiəw/ | kayu /kaˈju/ | kayo /kajo/ | puno /puno/ | kahuy /kahuj/ | kahoy /kahɔj/ |
| House | bale /baˈleʔ/ | abong /ˈʔaboŋ/ | walay /waˈlaj/ | balay /balaj/ | bahay /bahaj/ | bāy /baːj/ | balay /balaj/ |
| Dog | asu /ˈʔasu/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | iruꞌ /iruʔ/ | ayam /ˈʔajam/ |
| Cat | pusa /ˈpusaʔ/ | pusa /ˈpusa/ | kuting /kuˈtiŋ/ | pusa /pusa/ | pusa /pusa/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ | misay /misaj/ |
| Eat | mangan /maˈŋan/ | mangan /maˈŋan/ | kakan /kaˈkan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | kumain /kumaˈʔin/ | kaun /kaʔun/ | kaon /kaʔon/ |
| Drink | minum /miˈnum/ | oninum /ʔoˈninum/ | inum /ʔiˈnum/ | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | minum /minum/ | inom /ʔinɔm/ |
| One | metung /meˈtuŋ/ | sakey /saˈkəj/ | isa /ˈʔisa/ | maysa /majsa/ | isa /ʔiˈsa/ | isa /isa/ | usa /ʔusa/ |
| Two | adwa /ʔadwa/ | dua /duʔa/ | dua /duwa/ | dua /duˈa/ | dalawa /dalaˈwa/ | duwa /duwa/ | duha /duha/ |
| Hello | kumusta /kuˈmusta/ | maabig ya agew /maˈʔabiɡ ja ˈʔaɡəw/ | assalamu alaikum /assaˈlamu ʔaˈlajkum/ | kablaaw /kablaʔaw/ | kamusta /kamusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ |
| Thank you | dakal a salamat /dakal a saˈlamat/ | salamat /saˈlamat/ | sukran /ˈsukɾan/ | agyamanak /ʔaɡjamanak/ | salamat /salamat/ | magsukul /maɡsukul/ | salamat /salamat/ |
| Good | mayap /maˈjap/ | maong /maˈʔoŋ/ | mapiya /maˈpija/ | nasayaat /nasajaʔat/ | mabuti /mabuti/ | marayaw /marajaw/ | maupay /maʔupaj/ |
| Cuckoo | siabukut /siˈabukut/ | — | — | — | kakok /kaˈkok/ | saguksuk /saˈɡuksuk/ | — |
| Woof | kaung /kaʊŋ/ | — | — | — | aw aw /ʔaw ʔaw/ | — | — |
| Computer | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompiuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompiyuter /kompiˈjuteɾ/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
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