ᜏᜒᜃᜅ᜔ ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔
Old Tagalog
Austronesian (Central Philippine) · historical / hidden variety
Pre-Hispanic Tagalog was written in Baybayin (also called Alibata), a Brahmic-derived abugida used in Manila, Tondo, and surrounding regions before the Spanish arrival in 1565. The Doctrina Christiana (1593) is the earliest printed work in Baybayin. Modern Filipino/Tagalog largely continues the same vocabulary; the script gradually fell out of use during Spanish colonization in favor of Latin.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Old Tagalog
Water
ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔
/tubiɡ/
Fire
ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔
/apuj/
Sun
ᜀᜇᜏ᜔
/araw/
Moon
ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔
/buwan/
Mother
ᜁᜈ
/ina/
Father
ᜀᜋ
/ama/
Eat
ᜃᜁᜈ᜔
/kain/
Drink
ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔
/inom/
Love
ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔
/ibiɡ/
Heart
ᜉᜓᜐᜓ
/puso/
Tree
ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔
/kahoj/
House
ᜊᜑᜌ᜔
/bahaj/
Dog
ᜀᜐᜓ
/aso/
Cat
ᜉᜓᜐ
/pusa/
Hand
ᜃᜋᜌ᜔
/kamaj/
Eye
ᜋᜆ
/mata/
Hello
ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔
/mabuhaj/
Thank you
ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔
/salamat/
One
ᜁᜐ
/isa/
Good
ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ
/mabuti/
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian (Central Philippine) languages
| Meaning | Old Tagalog | Maranao | Tagalog | Tao/Yami | Cebuano | Iriga Bicolano | Waray |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ | ig /iɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | ranom /ranom/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ |
| Fire | ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ | apoy /apoj/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | apuy /apuj/ | kalayo /kalajo/ | kalayo /kalajɔ/ | kalayo /kalajɔ/ |
| Sun | ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ | alongan /aloŋan/ | araw /ˈʔaɾaw/ | araw /araw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | aldəw /aldəw/ | adlaw /ʔadlaw/ |
| Moon | ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ | bolan /bolan/ | buwan /buwan/ | vehan /vehan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulən /bulən/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Mother | ᜁᜈ /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ʔiˈna/ | ina /ina/ | inahan /inahan/ | ina /ina/ | nanay /nanaj/ |
| Father | ᜀᜋ /ama/ | ama /ama/ | ama /ʔaˈma/ | ama /ama/ | amahan /amahan/ | ama /ama/ | tatay /tataj/ |
| Eat | ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/ | mangan /maŋan/ | kumain /kumaˈʔin/ | kuman /kuman/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | kaən /kaʔən/ | kaon /kaʔon/ |
| Drink | ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/ | minom /minom/ | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | minum /minum/ | inom /inom/ | inum /inum/ | inom /ʔinɔm/ |
| Love | ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /ibiɡ/ | kalimo /kalimo/ | pag-ibig /paɡʔibiɡ/ | makakdeng /makakdəŋ/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | pagkaibəg /paɡkaʔibəɡ/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ |
| Heart | ᜉᜓᜐᜓ /puso/ | pusoʔ /pusoʔ/ | puso /puˈsoʔ/ | paso /paso/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ | puso /puso/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ |
| Tree | ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ /kahoj/ | kayo /kajo/ | puno /puno/ | kayo /kajo/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahɔj/ | kahoy /kahɔj/ |
| House | ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ /bahaj/ | walay /walaj/ | bahay /bahaj/ | vahay /vahaj/ | balay /balaj/ | baləy /baləj/ | balay /balaj/ |
| Dog | ᜀᜐᜓ /aso/ | aso /aso/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | ino /ino/ | iro /iɾo/ | ayam /ajam/ | ayam /ˈʔajam/ |
| Cat | ᜉᜓᜐ /pusa/ | pusa /pusa/ | pusa /pusa/ | koving /koviŋ/ | iring /iɾiŋ/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ | misay /misaj/ |
| Hand | ᜃᜋᜌ᜔ /kamaj/ | lima /lima/ | kamay /kamaj/ | kamay /kamaj/ | kamot /kamot/ | kamət /kamət/ | kamot /kamɔt/ |
| Eye | ᜋᜆ /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Hello | ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ /mabuhaj/ | kapian /kapijan/ | kamusta /kamusta/ | akokay /akokaj/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ |
| Thank you | ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔ /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | ayoy /ajoj/ | salamat /salamat/ | dyos mabalos /djos mabalos/ | salamat /salamat/ |
| One | ᜁᜐ /isa/ | isa /isa/ | isa /ʔiˈsa/ | asa /asa/ | usa /usa/ | əsad /əsad/ | usa /ʔusa/ |
| Good | ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ /mabuti/ | mapia /mapija/ | mabuti /mabuti/ | mapia /mapia/ | maayo /maʔajo/ | marhəy /maɾhəj/ | maupay /maʔupaj/ |
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