Nagamese

Pidgin (Indo-Aryan-lexified, Assamese)

FamilyPidgin (Indo-Aryan-lexified, Assamese) Speakers~30K (L1) + ~1.4M (L2) ScriptLatin / Assamese (Bengali-derived) / Devanagari CountriesIndia (Nagaland, parts of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur) Official inNagaland (de facto state lingua franca; English is the only official language) Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3nag

Nagamese (also Naga Pidgin) is an Assamese-lexified contact language that emerged in the 19th century as a trade lingua franca between speakers of dozens of mutually unintelligible Naga languages (Tibeto-Burman) of northeastern India. It serves as the primary inter-ethnic medium across Nagaland, where English is the only official language but is not universally spoken. Some children now grow up with Nagamese as L1, making it a creole-in-formation. Reduced morphology compared to Standard Assamese; lexically Assamese with Naga substrate features.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Nagamese

Water

pani

/pani/

Fire

jui

/dʒui/

Sun

suruj

/suɾudʒ/

Moon

chand

/tʃaːnd/

Mother

ma

/ma/

Father

baba

/baba/

Eat

kha

/kʰa/

Drink

pi

/pi/

Love

morom

/moɾom/

Heart

mon

/mon/

Tree

gus

/ɡus/

House

ghor

/ɡʱoɾ/

Dog

kukur

/kukuɾ/

Cat

mekuri

/mekuɾi/

Hand

hath

/haːtʰ/

Eye

suku

/suku/

Hello

namaskar

/namaskaɾ/

Thank you

dhonyobad

/dʱoɲobad/

One

ek

/ek/

Good

bhal

/bʱal/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Pidgin (Indo-Aryan-lexified, Assamese) languages

Meaning NagameseRangpuriHajongAssameseKulluiBishnupriya ManipuriSylheti
Water pani /pani/ পানি /pani/ pani /pa.ni/ পানী /pani/ पाणी /paːɳiː/ পানি /paːni/ পানি /pani/
Fire jui /dʒui/ আগুন /aɡun/ ag /aɡ/ জুই /zui/ आग /aːɡ/ আগুন /aːɡun/ আগুন /aɡun/
Sun suruj /suɾudʒ/ সুরুজ /suɾud͡ʒ/ bela /be.la/ সূৰ্য /xuɹjɔ/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/ বিল /bil/ সুরুজ /suruz/
Moon chand /tʃaːnd/ চাইন /tʃain/ jon /dʒon/ জোন /zon/ चांद /tʃãːd/ জুনাক /dʒunak/ চান /tʃan/
Mother ma /ma/ মাও /mao/ ma /ma/ মা /ma/ आमा /aːma/ মা /maː/ মা /ma/
Father baba /baba/ বাও /bao/ baba /baba/ দেউতা /deuta/ बाबा /baːba/ বাবা /baːba/ বাফ /baf/
Eat kha /kʰa/ খাওয়া /kʰawa/ kha /kʰa/ খোৱা /kʰuwa/ खाणु /kʰaːɳu/ খাব /kʰaːb/ খাইন /xaɪn/
Drink pi /pi/ খাওয়া /kʰawa/ pi /pi/ পান কৰা /pan kɔɹa/ पीणु /piːɳu/ পান কর /paːn kaɾ/ ফিন /fin/
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