Madhurâ
Madurese
Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian)
Madurese is spoken on Madura Island and the eastern parts of Java. Like Javanese, it has elaborate speech levels reflecting social hierarchy. It preserves geminate consonants and a phonemic /ɛ/ vs /ə/ distinction unusual in the region.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Madurese
Water
aèng
/aɛŋ/
Fire
apoy
/apɔj/
Sun
are
/are/
Moon
bulen
/bulən/
Mother
ebu
/əbu/
Father
eppa'
/əppaʔ/
Eat
ngakan
/ŋakan/
Drink
ngenom
/ŋənɔm/
Love
tresna
/trɛsna/
Heart
ate
/atɛ/
Tree
kajuh
/kaju/
House
bengko
/bəŋkɔ/
Dog
pate'
/patɛʔ/
Cat
koceng
/kɔtʃɛŋ/
Hand
tanang
/tanaŋ/
Eye
mata
/mata/
Hello
salam
/salam/
Thank you
tarèma kasè
/tarɛma kasɛ/
One
settong
/səttɔŋ/
Good
bagus
/baɡus/
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) languages
| Meaning | Madurese | Minangkabau | Musi | Banjar | Iban | Sasak | Ambon Malay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | aèng /aɛŋ/ | aia /aia/ | ayek /ajek/ | banyu /baɲu/ | ai /ai/ | aiq /aiʔ/ | aer /aer/ |
| Fire | apoy /apɔj/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | are /are/ | matoari /matoaɾi/ | matahari /matahari/ | matahari /matahari/ | mata-ari /mataari/ | mataari /mataari/ | mata hari /mata hari/ |
| Moon | bulen /bulən/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Mother | ebu /əbu/ | amak /amaʔ/ | mak /mak/ | uma /uma/ | indai /indai/ | inaq /inaʔ/ | mama /mama/ |
| Father | eppa' /əppaʔ/ | abak /abaʔ/ | bapak /bapak/ | abah /abah/ | apai /apai/ | amaq /amaʔ/ | papa /papa/ |
| Eat | ngakan /ŋakan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | makai /makai/ | mangan /maŋan/ | makang /makaŋ/ |
| Drink | ngenom /ŋənɔm/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | ngirup /ŋirup/ | nginem /ŋinəm/ | minong /minoŋ/ |
| Love | tresna /trɛsna/ | cinto /tʃinto/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | rinduai /rinduai/ | tresne /tresne/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ |
| Heart | ate /atɛ/ | ati /ati/ | hati /hati/ | ati /ati/ | ati /ati/ | ate /ate/ | hati /hati/ |
| Tree | kajuh /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | batang /bataŋ/ | kayu /kaju/ | lolon kayu /lolon kaju/ | pohon /pohon/ |
| House | bengko /bəŋkɔ/ | rumah /ɾumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | bale /bale/ | ruma /ruma/ |
| Dog | pate' /patɛʔ/ | anjiang /aɲdʒiaŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | ukui /ukui/ | aco /atʃo/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Cat | koceng /kɔtʃɛŋ/ | kuciang /kutʃiaŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | pusa /pusa/ | mayau /majau/ | meong /meoŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ |
| Hand | tanang /tanaŋ/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | jari /dʒari/ | ime /ime/ | tangang /taŋaŋ/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mato /mato/ | mato /mato/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mate /mate/ | mata /mata/ |
| Hello | salam /salam/ | salam /salam/ | halo /halo/ | salam /salam/ | salam /salam/ | salam /salam/ | hela /hela/ |
| Thank you | tarèma kasè /tarɛma kasɛ/ | tarimo kasiah /taɾimo kasiah/ | terimo kasih /terimo kasih/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | terima kasih /terima kasih/ | tampi asih /tampi asih/ | tarima kase /tarima kase/ |
| One | settong /səttɔŋ/ | ciek /tʃieʔ/ | siko /siko/ | asa /asa/ | satu /satu/ | esa /esa/ | satu /satu/ |
| Good | bagus /baɡus/ | rancak /ɾantʃaʔ/ | bagus /baɡus/ | bagus /baɡus/ | manah /manah/ | solah /solah/ | bagus /baɡus/ |
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