Kwak'wala

Wakashan (Northern)

FamilyWakashan (Northern) Speakers~250 (severely endangered) ScriptLatin (with apostrophes for ejectives, x̱ for /x/, ƛ for /tɬ/) CountriesCanada (British Columbia coast) Official inNo (recognized aboriginal) Vitalityseverely-endangered ISO 639-3kwk

Kwak'wala is the principal Northern Wakashan language, spoken by the Kwakwaka'wakw of British Columbia's central coast around Alert Bay, Fort Rupert, and Quatsino Sound. Its phoneme inventory includes ejectives (k', t', p'), uvulars, lateral affricates, and a distinct laryngeal series that combine into onset clusters of remarkable density. The language is famous for its association with the elaborate potlatch ceremonies that anthropologist Franz Boas documented intensively in the late 19th century.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Kwak'wala

Water

'wap

/ʔwap/

Fire

lax̱

/lax/

Sun

ƛ'isa̱la

/tɬʼisəla/

Moon

'mukwa

/ʔmukʷa/

Mother

abe

/abe/

Father

o̱mp

/omp/

Eat

ha̱'ma̱p

/həʔməp/

Drink

na̱'qa

/naʔqa/

Love

'ya̱x̱is

/ʔjəxis/

Heart

ts'iłas

/tsʼiɬas/

Tree

x̱o̱kwa

/xokʷa/

House

g̱ukw

/ɡukʷ/

Dog

'wa̱ts'i

/ʔwətsʼi/

Cat

pi̱s

/pis/

Hand

'wała

/ʔwaɬa/

Eye

gigayu

/ɡiɡaju/

Hello

gilakas'la

/ɡilakasʔla/

Thank you

gilakas'la

/ɡilakasʔla/

One

'na̱m

/ʔnəm/

Good

ek

/ek/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Wakashan (Northern) languages

Meaning Kwak'walaTarahumaraSakizayaTojolabalWixarikaAguacatecoTzeltal
Water 'wap /ʔwap/ bawí /bawi/ nanum /nanum/ jaʼ /haʔ/ ha /ha/ /aʔ/ jaʼ /xaʔ/
Fire lax̱ /lax/ nahí /nahi/ lamal /lamal/ kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ tai /tai/ qʼaq /qʼaq/ kʼaal /kʼaːl/
Sun ƛ'isa̱la /tɬʼisəla/ rayó /ɾajo/ cidal /tʃidal/ kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ tau /tau/ qʼijl /qʼihl/ kʼajkʼal /kʼaxkʼal/
Moon 'mukwa /ʔmukʷa/ mecá /metʃa/ ʔulalalalal /ʔulalal/ ixaw /iʃaw/ metsa /metsa/ xahaw /ʃahaw/ u /u/
Mother abe /abe/ iyé /ije/ ina /ina/ nan /nan/ nana /nana/ naa /naː/ meʼ /meʔ/
Father o̱mp /omp/ onó /ono/ ama /ama/ tat /tat/ yawe /jawe/ mam /mam/ tat /tat/
Eat ha̱'ma̱p /həʔməp/ koʼa /koʔa/ hekal /hekal/ waʼel /waʔel/ kuye /kuje/ wii /wiː/ weʼel /weʔel/
Drink na̱'qa /naʔqa/ bahí /bahi/ mihecak /mihetʃak/ ukʼ /ukʼ/ hi'eka /hiʔeka/ uuk /uːk/ uchʼel /utʃʼel/
Page 1/3

Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.