Iu Mienh

Iu Mien

Hmong-Mien (Mienic branch)

FamilyHmong-Mien (Mienic branch) Speakers~800K ScriptLatin (Iu Mien Unified Script, devised 1984); formerly written with Chinese characters CountriesChina (Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou, Jiangxi), Vietnam, Laos, Thailand; diaspora in the United States Official innone (spoken by part of China's officially recognized Yao nationality) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3ium

Iu Mien is a tonal language of the Mienic branch of the Hmong-Mien language family, spoken by roughly 800,000 people, mainly the Iu Mien (the largest subgroup of China's Yao nationality). Most speakers live in southern China (Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan and neighbouring provinces), with sizeable communities in northern Vietnam, Laos and Thailand, plus a diaspora in the United States following the Vietnam War. It was formerly written with Chinese characters; a Latin-based Iu Mien Unified Script was created in 1984, marking its eight tones with final letters.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Iu Mien

Water

wuom

/wuom˧/

Fire

douz

/dou˨˧/

Sun

hnoi

/hnoi˧/

Moon

hlaax

/hlaː˨˧/

Star

hleix

/l̥ei˧/

Mother

maa

/maː˧/

Father

diex

/die˨˧/

I

yie

/ji˧/

You

meih

/mei˨˩/

Name

mbuox

/ᵐbuɔ˧˩/

Eye

m'zing

/m̩ziŋ˧/

Hand

buoz

/buo˨˧/

Heart

mba'y-fim

/mbai˧fim˧/

Love

hnamv

/hnam˦/

Tree

ndiangx

/ndiaŋ˨˧/

House

biauv

/biau˦/

Dog

juv

/dʒu˦/

Cat

mbao

/mbao˧/

Eat

nyanc

/ɲan˨˩/

Drink

hopv

/hop˦/

One

yietc

/jiet˨˩/

Two

i

/i˧/

Hello

yiem-longx

/jiem˧loŋ˨˧/

Thank you

laengz

/laŋ˨˧/

Good

longx

/loŋ˨˧/

Cuckoo

norqc jaangh iuv

/noʔ˨ jaːŋ˧˩ ʔiu˦/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Hmong-Mien (Mienic branch) languages

Meaning Iu MienLanyin MandarinChengdu MandarinZhangzhou HokkienTujiaAzheHui Chinese
Water wuom /wuom˧/ /sui˥˧/ /suei˥˧/ /tsui˥˧/ zi /tsɨ˥˧/ ʑɿ /ʑɿ˧˧/ /ɕy˦˦/
Fire douz /dou˨˧/ /xo˥˧/ /xo˥˧/ /he˥˧/ mi /mi˥˧/ mi /mī/ /xu˦˦/
Sun hnoi /hnoi˧/ 日头 /ʐɨ˨˦tʰəu˨˦/ 太阳 /tʰai˨˩˧iaŋ˨˩/ 日頭 /dzit̚˩˨˩tʰau˩˧/ ni /ni˧˥/ ŋni /ŋnʲi˧˧/ 日头 /ʐɨ˨˦tʰəu/
Moon hlaax /hlaː˨˧/ 月亮 /yɛ˦˦ljaŋ/ 月亮 /ye˨˩lia̠ŋ˨˩˧/ 月娘 /ɡeʔ̚˩˨˩ niũ˩˧/ nie /nie˧˥/ ɬɛ /ɬɛ˧˧/ 月光 /yo˨˧kuaŋ˨˦/
Star hleix /l̥ei˧/ /ɕiŋ˧˩/ /ɕin˦˥/ /tsʰẽ˧˦/ sei /sei˥˧/ kɿ /kɿ˧/ /sɛ̃˧/
Mother maa /maː˧/ /ma˧˧/ 妈妈 /ma˥ma/ 老母 /lau˨˨bu˥˧/ a-mie /a˧mie˧/ amo /amo˧˧/ /ma˧˧/
Father diex /die˨˧/ /pa˥˧/ 爸爸 /pa˨˩˧pa/ 老爸 /lau˨˨pe˨˨/ a-pa /a˧pa˧/ ada /ada˧˧/ /pa˦˦/
I yie /ji˧/ /vɤ˥˧/ /ŋo˥˧/ /ɡua˥˧/ nga /ŋa˧˥/ ŋa /ŋā/ /ŋo˧˩/
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