Gaelg
Manx
Indo-European (Celtic, Goidelic)
Manx (Gaelg) was once considered extinct (last native speaker Ned Maddrell died 1974), but has been successfully revitalized — with several hundred fluent speakers, a Manx-medium primary school (Bunscoill Ghaelgagh, opened 2001), and increasing presence in media and government. Closely related to Irish and Scottish Gaelic; preserves several Goidelic features lost elsewhere.
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Manx
Water
ushtey
/ˈuʃtʲə/
Fire
aile
/ailʲ/
Sun
grian
/ɡriən/
Moon
eayst
/eːst/
Star
rollage
/ˈrolaːɡ/
Mother
moir
/mɔːɾ/
Father
ayr
/ɛːr/
I
mee
/miː/
You
oo
/uː/
Name
ennym
/ˈɛnəm/
Eye
sooill
/suːlʲ/
Hand
laue
/lɛːu/
Heart
cree
/kɾiː/
Love
graih
/ɡraːx/
Tree
billey
/ˈbilʲə/
House
thie
/tai/
Dog
moddey
/ˈmɔðə/
Cat
kayt
/kat/
Eat
gee
/ɡʲiː/
Drink
iu
/juː/
One
nane
/næn/
Two
jees
/dʒiːs/
Hello
moghrey mie
/ˈmɔɣrə maɪ/
Thank you
gura mie ayd
/ˈɡura miː eːd/
Good
mie
/maɪ/
Cuckoo
cooag
/ˈkuːaɡ/
Computer
co-earrooder
/koˈjaːrudər/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Indo-European (Celtic, Goidelic) languages
| Meaning | Manx | Middle Irish | Irish | Old Irish | Scottish Gaelic | English (Yorkshire) | English (Southern US) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ushtey /ˈuʃtʲə/ | usce /uske/ | uisce /ɪʃcə/ | uisce /ˈusʲkʲe/ | uisge /ɯʃkʲə/ | water /ˈwɔːtə/ | water /ˈwɔːɾɚ/ |
| Fire | aile /ailʲ/ | tene /tene/ | tine /tʲɪnʲə/ | tene /tene/ | teine /ˈtʲɛnʲə/ | fire /faɪə/ | fire /faːɹ/ |
| Sun | grian /ɡriən/ | grían /ɡrian/ | grian /ɡɾʲiən/ | grían /ɡrian/ | grian /kɾʲiən/ | sun /sʊn/ | sun /sʌn/ |
| Moon | eayst /eːst/ | ésca /eːska/ | gealach /ɟalax/ | éscae /eːskai/ | gealach /kʲaɫəx/ | moon /muːn/ | moon /muːn/ |
| Star | rollage /ˈrolaːɡ/ | rétla /ˈreːtla/ | réalta /ˈɾˠeːl̪ˠt̪ˠə/ | rétla /ˈreːdla/ | reul /rial/ | star /staː/ | star /stɑːɹ/ |
| Mother | moir /mɔːɾ/ | máthair /maːθirʲ/ | máthair /mɑːhəɾʲ/ | máthair /maːθirʲ/ | màthair /maːhəɾʲ/ | mother /ˈmʊðə/ | mother /ˈmʌðɚ/ |
| Father | ayr /ɛːr/ | athair /aθirʲ/ | athair /ahəɾʲ/ | athair /aθirʲ/ | athair /ahəɾʲ/ | father /ˈfɑːðə/ | father /ˈfɑːðɚ/ |
| I | mee /miː/ | mé /mʲeː/ | mé /mʲeː/ | mé /mʲeː/ | mi /mi/ | I /aː/ | I /aː/ |
| You | oo /uː/ | tú /tuː/ | tú /t̪ˠuː/ | tú /tuː/ | thu /u/ | you /juː/ | you /juː/ |
| Name | ennym /ˈɛnəm/ | ainm /anʲmʲ/ | ainm /anʲəmʲ/ | ainm /anʲmʲ/ | ainm /ˈɛnɛm/ | name /neːm/ | name /næɪm/ |
| Eye | sooill /suːlʲ/ | súil /suːlʲ/ | súil /suːlʲ/ | súil /suːlʲ/ | sùil /suːl/ | eye /aɪ/ | eye /aː/ |
| Hand | laue /lɛːu/ | lám /laːv/ | lámh /lɑːv/ | lám /laːv/ | làmh /ɫ̪aːv/ | hand /and/ | hand /hæːənd/ |
| Heart | cree /kɾiː/ | cride /krʲiðʲe/ | croí /kɾiː/ | cride /krʲiðʲe/ | cridhe /kɾʲiə/ | heart /hɑːt/ | heart /hɑːɹt/ |
| Love | graih /ɡraːx/ | serc /serk/ | grá /ɡɾɑː/ | serc /serk/ | gaol /kɯːl/ | love /lʊv/ | love /lʌv/ |
| Tree | billey /ˈbilʲə/ | crann /kran/ | crann /kɾɑːn/ | crann /kran/ | craobh /kɾɯːv/ | tree /tɹiː/ | tree /tɹiː/ |
| House | thie /tai/ | tech /tex/ | teach /tʲax/ | tech /tex/ | taigh /tʰɤj/ | house /aʊs/ | house /haːʊs/ |
| Dog | moddey /ˈmɔðə/ | madra /madra/ | madra /mɑdɾə/ | cú /kuː/ | cù /kuː/ | dog /dɒɡ/ | dog /dɑːɡ/ |
| Cat | kayt /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kɑt/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kʰat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kæːt/ |
| Eat | gee /ɡʲiː/ | ithid /iθʲiðʲ/ | ith /ɪ/ | ithid /iθʲiðʲ/ | ith /i/ | eat /iːt/ | eat /iːt/ |
| Drink | iu /juː/ | ól /oːl/ | ól /oːl/ | ibid /iβʲiðʲ/ | òl /ɔːl/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ | drink /dɹɪŋk/ |
| One | nane /næn/ | óen /oin/ | aon /eːn/ | oín /oːin/ | aon /ɯːn/ | one /wɒn/ | one /wʌn/ |
| Two | jees /dʒiːs/ | dá /daː/ | dó /d̪ˠoː/ | dá /daː/ | dà /taː/ | two /tuː/ | two /tʰuː/ |
| Hello | moghrey mie /ˈmɔɣrə maɪ/ | fochen /foxʲen/ | dia duit /dʲiə dɪtʲ/ | fochen /foxʲen/ | halò /haloː/ | ey up /eɪ ʊp/ | howdy /ˈhaʊdi/ |
| Thank you | gura mie ayd /ˈɡura miː eːd/ | atlochur /atloxur/ | go raibh maith agat /ɡɔ ɾɛv mah aɡət/ | atlochur /atloxur/ | tapadh leat /tʰapə lʲɛt/ | ta /tɑː/ | thanks /θæːŋks/ |
| Good | mie /maɪ/ | maith /maθʲ/ | maith /mah/ | maith /maθʲ/ | math /ma/ | good /ɡʊd/ | good /ɡʊd/ |
| Cuckoo | cooag /ˈkuːaɡ/ | cúach /ˈkuːax/ | cuach /kuəx/ | — | cuthag /ˈkʰuhak/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ | cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ |
| Computer | co-earrooder /koˈjaːrudər/ | — | ríomhaire /ˈɾˠiːwəɾʲə/ | — | coimpiutair /ˈkʰɔimpjutɪrʲ/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ | computer /kəmˈpjuːɾɚ/ |
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