A·chik

Garo

Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Bodo-Garo)

FamilySino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Bodo-Garo) Speakers~1M ScriptLatin (since 19th c. missionaries); also Bengali script CountriesIndia (Meghalaya, Assam); Bangladesh Official inIndia (associate official, Meghalaya) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3grt

Garo (A·chik) is a Tibeto-Burman language of the Bodo-Garo branch, spoken by ~1M in the Garo Hills of Meghalaya state in northeastern India and adjacent areas of Bangladesh. The Garo are notable for their matrilineal kinship system — among the few in mainland Asia — where property and clan identity descend through the mother's line. Tonal language with two contrasting tones. Latin orthography developed by American Baptist missionaries in the 1860s replacing earlier Bengali-based writing. Associate official language of Meghalaya since 2005.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Garo

Water

chi·

/tʃi/

Fire

wa·al

/waal/

Sun

sal

/sal/

Moon

ja·tong

/dʒatoŋ/

Mother

ama

/ama/

Father

apa

/apa/

Eat

cha·a

/tʃaa/

Drink

ring·a

/riŋa/

Love

katchea

/katʃea/

Heart

ja·rik

/dʒarik/

Tree

bol

/bol/

House

nok

/nok/

Dog

atcha

/atʃa/

Cat

menggo

/meŋɡo/

Hand

jak

/dʒak/

Eye

mikron

/mikron/

Hello

namaste

/namaste/

Thank you

mittela

/mitːela/

One

sa

/sa/

Good

nama

/nama/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Bodo-Garo) languages

Meaning GaroBodoThulungNorth Moluccan MalayMongghulSherpaMandar
Water chi· /tʃi/ दै /dai/ भु /bʱu/ aer /aer/ usu /usu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ uai /uai/
Fire wa·al /waal/ वाथार /watʰaɾ/ मे /me/ api /api/ ghal /ʁal/ མེ /me/ api /api/
Sun sal /sal/ सान /san/ नाम /nam/ matahari /matahari/ nara /nara/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ mata allo /mata alːo/
Moon ja·tong /dʒatoŋ/ ओखाफोर /okʰapʰoɾ/ लामी /lami/ bulan /bulan/ sara /sara/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ bulang /bulaŋ/
Mother ama /ama/ आय /aj/ मामा /mama/ mama /mama/ ana /ana/ ཨ་མ /ama/ indo /indo/
Father apa /apa/ आफा /apʰa/ पापा /papa/ papa /papa/ ada /ada/ ཨ་པ /apa/ ama /ama/
Eat cha·a /tʃaa/ जा /dʒa/ च- /tʃa/ makang /makaŋ/ idi- /idi/ /za/ ma'ande /maʔande/
Drink ring·a /riŋa/ लोङ /loŋ/ तुङ- /tʰuŋ/ minong /minoŋ/ uu- /uː/ འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ minung /minuŋ/
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