Jin Chinese (Xinzhou)

Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Jin — 五台片)

FamilySino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Jin — 五台片) Speakers~2–3M (Xinzhou, Shanxi) ScriptSimplified Chinese CountriesChina (Shanxi — Xinzhou 忻州) Official inRegional dialect of Jin Chinese (cjy). Not official standard, but documented in academic dialect surveys (方言志) and Wiktionary.

The Xinzhou dialect is a local variety of the Wutai branch of Jin Chinese, spoken in and around Xinzhou in northern Shanxi, China. The Wutai branch is one of the eight major divisions in a widely used modern classification of Jin and extends beyond Xinzhou to other parts of northern Shanxi and neighboring areas. Xinzhou preserves a distinct entering-tone category, typically associated with short, glottalized syllables, and its tone system includes extensive contextual tone changes. Its sound system and local vocabulary are documented in the Xinzhou Dialect Dictionary by Wen Duanzheng and Zhang Guangming, but nearby counties have their own related varieties. The dialect is mainly oral; formal education, administration, and ordinary writing use Standard Chinese and standard Chinese characters.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Jin Chinese (Xinzhou)

Water

/suei⁵³/

Fire

/xuɤ⁵³/

Sun

太阳

/tʰai⁴⁵ iɒ̃¹¹˥/

Moon

/yəʔ²/

Star

/ɕiŋ˧˩/

Mother

/ma¹¹/

Father

/tiɛ̃¹¹/

I

/ŋɤ˧˩/

You

/ni˧˩/

Name

名字

/miŋ˩ tsz̩/

Eye

/nie⁵³/

Hand

/səu⁵³/

Heart

/ɕiəŋ¹¹/

Love

/ɣai⁴⁵/

Tree

/su⁴⁵/

House

/fɑŋ⁵³/

Dog

/kəu⁵³/

Cat

/miau⁵³/

Eat

/tsʰəʔ²/

Drink

/xaʔ²/

One

/ieʔ²/

Two

/ər˩˧/

Hello

你好

/ni⁵³ xau⁵³/

Thank you

/ɕie⁴⁵/

Good

/xau⁵³/

Words compared

Compared with related Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Jin — 五台片) languages

Meaning Jin Chinese (Xinzhou)Lüliang JinJin (Shanxi)Hefei MandarinChongqing MandarinChengdu MandarinHui Chinese (Wuyuan)
Water /suei⁵³/ /fei˥˧/ /sueɪ˥˧/ /ʂueɪ˨˦/ /suei˦˨/ /suei˥˧/ /ɕy˥˧/
Fire /xuɤ⁵³/ /xuo˥˧/ /xuo˥˧/ /xuo˨˦/ /xo˦˨/ /xo˥˧/ /xu˥˧/
Sun 太阳 /tʰai⁴⁵ iɒ̃¹¹˥/ 日头 /ʐəʔ˥˦tʰəu˩/ 日头 /ʐəʔ˥˦tʰəu˩/ 日头 /ʐəʔ˦tʰəu˥˥/ 太阳 /tʰai˨˩˧.iaŋ˨˩/ 太阳 /tʰai˨˩˧iaŋ˨˩/ /—/
Moon /yəʔ²/ 月亮 /yəʔ˥˦liɔ̃˩/ 月亮 /yəʔ˥˦liɔ̃˩/ 月亮 /yɛʔ˦liaŋ˥˧/ 月亮 /yo˨˩liaŋ˨˩˦/ 月亮 /ye˨˩lia̠ŋ˨˩˧/ 月光 /yo˧˩kuaŋ˧˥/
Star /ɕiŋ˧˩/ /ɕiŋ˩˩/ /ɕiŋ˩/ /ɕiŋ˨˩˨/ /ɕin˥/ /ɕin˦˥/ /ɕiã˧˩/
Mother /ma¹¹/ 妈妈 /ma˩ma/ 妈妈 /ma˩ma/ 妈妈 /ma˨˩˨ma/ /ma˥/ 妈妈 /ma˥ma/ /ma˧˧/
Father /tiɛ̃¹¹/ 爹爹 /tie˩tie/ 爹爹 /tie˩tie/ /tie˨˩˨/ 老汉 /lau˦˨.xan˨˩˧/ 爸爸 /pa˨˩˧pa/ /pa˥˧/
I /ŋɤ˧˩/ /ɣɤ˥˧/ /ɣɤ˥˧/ /uə˨˦/ /ŋo˦˨/ /ŋo˥˧/ /ŋo˧˩/
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Han readings compared

Compared with related Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Jin — 五台片) languages

Character Jin Chinese (Xinzhou)Jin Chinese (Changzhi)Jin (Shanxi)Lüliang JinDatong JinHefei MandarinXi'an Mandarin
yih⁴ /i˦˥ʔ/ ieh² /iəʔ˨/ ieh² /iəʔ˨/ ieh² /iəʔ˨/ ieh⁴³ /iəʔ˦˧/ yiq⁴ /iʔ˦/ yiq²¹ /i˨˩/
er⁴ /ɚ˦˥/ er⁴⁵ /ɚ˦˥/ er⁴⁵ /ɚ˦˥/ er⁴⁵ /ɚ˦˥/ er⁴⁵ /ɚ˦˥/ er⁵³ /ɚ˥˧/ er⁴⁴ /ɚ˦˦/
sɑ̃¹ /sæ̃˩˩/ san¹¹ /sæ̃˩˩/ san¹¹ /sæ̃˩˩/ san¹¹ /sæ̃˩˩/ san³¹ /sæ̃˧˩/ san²¹ /sæ̃˨˩/ san²¹ /sã˨˩/
seh⁴ /səʔ˦˥/ si⁴⁵ /sɿ˦˥/ si⁴⁵ /sɿ˦˥/ si⁴⁵ /sɿ˦˥/ si⁴⁵ /sɿ˦˥/ si⁵³ /sɿ˥˧/ si⁴⁴ /sɿ˦˦/
u⁴ /u˥˧/ u⁵³ /u˥˧/ u⁵³ /u˥˧/ u⁵³ /u˥˧/ u⁵³ /u˥˧/ wu²⁴ /u˨˦/ wu⁵³ /u˥˧/
lueh⁴ /luəʔ˦˥/ lueh⁵ /luəʔ˥/ lueh⁵ /luəʔ˥/ lueh⁵ /luəʔ˥/ lueh⁵⁴ /luəʔ˥˦/ luq⁴ /lɤʔ˦/ liuq²¹ /liou˨˩/
tshyeh⁴ /tɕʰiəʔ˦˥/ qhieh² /tɕʰiəʔ˨/ qhieh² /tɕʰiəʔ˨/ qhieh² /tɕʰiəʔ˨/ qhieh⁴³ /tɕʰiəʔ˦˧/ ciq⁴ /tsʰəʔ˦/ qiq²¹ /tɕʰi˨˩/
pah⁴ /paʔ˦˥/ pah² /paʔ˨/ pah² /paʔ˨/ pah² /paʔ˨/ pah⁴³ /paʔ˦˧/ baq⁴ /paʔ˦/ baq²¹ /pa˨˩/
jio⁴ /tɕiəu˥˧/ jieu⁵³ /tɕiəu˥˧/ jieu⁵³ /tɕiəu˥˧/ jieu⁵³ /tɕiəu˥˧/ jieu⁵³ /tɕiəu˥˧/ jiu²⁴ /tɕiɯ˨˦/ jiu⁵³ /tɕiou˥˧/
seh⁴ /səʔ˦˥/ seh⁵ /səʔ˥/ seh⁵ /səʔ˥/ seh⁵ /səʔ˥/ seh⁵⁴ /səʔ˥˦/ siq⁴ /səʔ˦/ siq²⁴ /sɿ˨˦/
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