Mapuzugun

Mapudungun

Araucanian (isolate or small family)

FamilyAraucanian (isolate or small family) Speakers~400K ScriptLatin (multiple competing orthographies) CountriesChile, Argentina Official inNo (recognized minority) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3arn

Mapudungun is the language of the Mapuche people of southern Chile and adjacent western Argentina. Its precise genetic relationships are uncertain — it has been variously grouped with Penutian, with Andean languages, or treated as an isolate. The Raguileo alphabet, designed in 1982 by Anselmo Raguileo to express Mapuche cultural autonomy, competes with the Unified Mapuche Alphabet in literacy programmes. Mapuche cosmology preserves rich shamanic vocabulary in machi healing chants.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Mapudungun

Water

ko

/ko/

Fire

kütral

/kɨʈʂal/

Sun

antü

/antɨ/

Moon

küyen

/kɨjen/

Star

wangülen

/waŋɘlen/

Mother

ñuke

/ɲuke/

Father

chao

/tʃao/

I

iñche

/iɲtʃe/

You

eymi

/ejmi/

Name

üy

/ɘj/

Eye

nge

/ŋe/

Hand

kuwü

/kuwɨ/

Heart

piwke

/piwke/

Love

poyen

/pojen/

Tree

aliwen

/aliwen/

House

ruka

/ɻuka/

Dog

trewa

/ʈʂewa/

Cat

ñayki

/ɲajki/

Eat

in

/in/

Drink

pütun

/pɨtun/

One

kiñe

/kiɲe/

Two

epu

/epu/

Hello

mari mari

/maɻi maɻi/

Thank you

chaltu

/tʃaltu/

Good

küme

/kɨme/

Words compared

Compared with related Araucanian (isolate or small family) languages

Meaning MapudungunAinuMiddle MongolMachameClassical MongolianAdangmeEastern Lawa
Water ko /ko/ ワッカ /wakka/ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ /usun/ mringa /mɾiŋɡa/ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ /usun/ nyu /ɲu/ lo /lo/
Fire kütral /kɨʈʂal/ アペ /ape/ ᠭᠠᠯ /ɣal/ mòò /moːʔ/ ᠭᠠᠯ /ɡal/ la /la/ nem /nem/
Sun antü /antɨ/ チュプ /tɕup/ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ /naran/ ìsùwà /isuwa/ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ /naran/ hyɛ /çɛ/ vüa /vɨa/
Moon küyen /kɨjen/ クンネチュプ /kunnetɕup/ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ /sara/ mwezi /mwezi/ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ /sara/ nyɔnyɔɛ /ɲɔɲɔɛ/ mëi /məi/
Star wangülen /waŋɘlen/ ノチウ /notɕiw/ ᠬᠣᠳᠤᠨ /hodun/ nyenyeri /ɲeɲeri/ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ /odun/ ŋulami /ŋulami/ sngaɰ /sŋaɰ/
Mother ñuke /ɲuke/ ハポ /hapo/ ᠡᠭᠡ /eke/ mama /mama/ ᠡᠬᠡ /eke/ nyɛ /ɲɛ/ ame /ame/
Father chao /tʃao/ アチャ /atɕa/ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ /etʃiɡe/ baba /baba/ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ /etʃiɡe/ tsɛ /tsɛ/ apa /apa/
I iñche /iɲtʃe/ カニ /kani/ ᠪᠢ /bi/ inyi /iɲi/ ᠪᠢ /bi/ i /i/ ʔoʔ /ʔoʔ/
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