Mapuzugun

Mapudungun

Araucanian (isolate or small family)

FamilyAraucanian (isolate or small family) Speakers~400K ScriptLatin (multiple competing orthographies) CountriesChile, Argentina Official inNo (recognized minority) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3arn

Mapudungun is the language of the Mapuche people of southern Chile and adjacent western Argentina. Its precise genetic relationships are uncertain — it has been variously grouped with Penutian, with Andean languages, or treated as an isolate. The Raguileo alphabet, designed in 1982 by Anselmo Raguileo to express Mapuche cultural autonomy, competes with the Unified Mapuche Alphabet in literacy programmes. Mapuche cosmology preserves rich shamanic vocabulary in machi healing chants.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Mapudungun

Water

ko

/ko/

Fire

kütral

/kɨʈʂal/

Sun

antü

/antɨ/

Moon

küyen

/kɨjen/

Mother

ñuke

/ɲuke/

Father

chao

/tʃao/

Eat

in

/in/

Drink

pütun

/pɨtun/

Love

poyen

/pojen/

Heart

piwke

/piwke/

Tree

aliwen

/aliwen/

House

ruka

/ɻuka/

Dog

trewa

/ʈʂewa/

Cat

ñayki

/ɲajki/

Hand

kuwü

/kuwɨ/

Eye

nge

/ŋe/

Hello

mari mari

/maɻi maɻi/

Thank you

chaltu

/tʃaltu/

One

kiñe

/kiɲe/

Good

küme

/kɨme/

Words compared

Compared with related Araucanian (isolate or small family) languages

Meaning MapudungunMiddle MongolOlkolUdmurtMachameMampruliClassical Mongolian
Water ko /ko/ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ /usun/ kupa /kupa/ ву /vu/ mringa /mɾiŋɡa/ kuom /kuom/ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ /usun/
Fire kütral /kɨʈʂal/ ᠭᠠᠯ /ɣal/ paral /paɻal/ тыл /tɨl/ mòò /moːʔ/ booma /boːma/ ᠭᠠᠯ /ɡal/
Sun antü /antɨ/ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ /naran/ naŋkari /naŋkaɻi/ шунды /ʃundɨ/ ìsùwà /isuwa/ wuntiri /wuntiri/ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ /naran/
Moon küyen /kɨjen/ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ /sara/ kakal /kakal/ толэзь /tolezʲ/ mwezi /mwezi/ gɔoŋ /ɡɔːŋ/ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ /sara/
Mother ñuke /ɲuke/ ᠡᠭᠡ /eke/ ngangi /ŋaŋi/ мумы /mumɨ/ mama /mama/ ma /ma/ ᠡᠬᠡ /eke/
Father chao /tʃao/ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ /etʃiɡe/ kaba /kaba/ атай /ataj/ baba /baba/ ba /ba/ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ /et͡ʃiɡe/
Eat in /in/ ᠢᠳᠡ /ide/ ngarinya /ŋaɻiɲa/ сиыны /siɨnɨ/ ìlya /iʎa/ di /di/ ᠢᠳᠡ- /ide-/
Drink pütun /pɨtun/ ᠤᠭᠤ /uɣu/ kupa nyaa /kupa ɲaː/ юыны /juɨnɨ/ ìnyo /iɲo/ nyu /ɲu/ ᠤᠭᠤ- /uɣu-/
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