العبرية المشنوية

Mishnaic Hebrew (לשון חכמים leshon ḥakhamim, "language of the sages", ~70-200 CE) is the post-Biblical Hebrew of the Mishnah (compiled c. 200 CE by Judah ha-Nasi), the Tosefta, early Midrashim, and the Hebrew portions of the Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmuds. Distinct from Biblical Hebrew (hbo) by: heavy Aramaic and Greek loanwords (אילן ʔilan "tree", חתול ḥatul "cat", and many legal/agricultural terms), loss of waw-consecutive narrative tenses, fixed word order shifting toward SVO, expanded participial system as default present tense, and rabbinic technical vocabulary. Survived as a written/scholarly language after extinction as vernacular ~200 CE; remains the form of Hebrew taught in yeshivot for studying Talmud and Mishnah. Distinct from both Biblical Hebrew (hbo) and Modern Israeli Hebrew (he), though Modern Hebrew's revival drew on both registers.