𗼇𗟲

西夏語

Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Qiangic) · 歷史/隱藏變體

語系Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Qiangic) 使用者Extinct (~11th-13th c. CE) 文字Tangut script (logographic, ~6,000 characters, designed 1036 by Yeli Renrong) 國家Western Xia 官方語言Western Xia (Tangut) Empire (1038-1227 CE) 活力extinct ISO 639-3txg

Tangut (Mi-nia) was the Qiangic Sino-Tibetan language of the Western Xia (Tangut) Empire (1038-1227 CE), which dominated parts of modern Ningxia, Gansu, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia and rivaled Song China and the Liao before its destruction by Genghis Khan's Mongol forces. The Tangut script was designed in 1036 by minister Yeli Renrong on imperial commission — a logographic system of ~6,000 characters visually resembling Chinese but constructed on entirely different internal principles. Decipherment, begun by Nikolai Nevsky in the 1930s, advanced significantly with Soviet and Chinese scholarship in the late 20th century; today most Tangut characters and grammar are understood. Major texts include Buddhist sutra translations and the Sea of Characters dictionary.

使用地區

西夏語嘅20個核心詞

𗀚

/tjɨ˧/

𘎩

/me˧/

日頭

𘂴

/pjij˧˥/

月光

𗏯

/lja˧˥/

母親

𘎒

/ma˧˥/

父親

𗥃

/pa˧/

𗅋

/dzjij˧˥/

𘉞

/tʰjij˧˥/

𗙊

/lhjij˧˥/

𘃠

/njij˧˥/

𘀇

/sji˧/

𗩴

/kʰjwa˧˥/

𗋒

/kʰwjɨ˧/

𗦷

/mji˧˥/

𘀔

/lje˧/

𗞴

/mjij˧/

你好

/—/

多謝

/—/

𘈩

/lew˧˥/

𗏁

/tsji˧/

來源

單詞比較

同Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Qiangic)相關語言比較

意思 西夏語阿哲語土家語勃歐克倫語納西語洛米語藏語
𗀚 /tjɨ˧/ ʑɿ /ʑɿ˧˧/ zi /t͡sɨ˥˧/ ထံ /tʰi˧/ gee /ɡɯ˧/ ཆུ་ /tɕʰu˥/ ཆུ /t͡ɕʰu˥/
𘎩 /me˧/ mi /mi˧˧/ mi /mi˥˧/ မ့ၣ် /me˨˩/ mee /mɯ˧/ མེ་ /me˥/ མེ /me˩˧/
日頭 𘂴 /pjij˧˥/ ŋni /ŋnʲi˧˧/ ni /ni˧˥/ မုန် /mu˧/ ny-mei /nĩ˧mi˧/ ཉི་མ་ /ɲi˥ma˩/ ཉི་མ /ɲima˩˧/
月光 𗏯 /lja˧˥/ ɬɛ /ɬɛ˧˧/ nie /nie˧˥/ လး /la˧/ he-mei /hɯ˧mi˧/ ཟླ་བ་ /dawa˩/ ཟླ་བ /tawa˩˧/
母親 𘎒 /ma˧˥/ amo /amo˧˧/ a-mie /a˧mie˧/ မိ /mu˧˥/ mei /mei˧/ ཨ་མ་ /ʔama˩/ ཨ་མ /ama˥/
父親 𗥃 /pa˧/ ada /ada˧˧/ a-pa /a˧pa˧/ ဖါ /pa˧/ av /a˧/ ཨ་པ་ /ʔapa˩/ ཨ་ཕ /apʰa˥/
𗅋 /dzjij˧˥/ dza /dza˧˧/ za /t͡sa˨˩/ အၢင် /ai˧˩/ zo /d͡zo˧/ ཟ་ /sa˩/ /sa˩˧/
𘉞 /tʰjij˧˥/ du /du˧˧/ da /ta˧/ အူ /ɔ˧/ chil /t͡ʂʰi˥/ འཐུང་ /tʰuŋ˩/ འཐུང་ /tʰuŋ˥/
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漢字讀音比較

同Sino-Tibetan > Qiangic相關語言比較

漢字 西夏語白語(中部)重慶官話Old Xiang (Shuangfeng)中世韓國語東干語四川官話
lew1 /lew˩/ it6 /ʔit̚˨˨˨/ yi²¹ /i˨˩/ i /i˨˦/ ·qilq /ʔilʔ˥/ yi¹ /ji˦/ yi²¹ /i˨˩/
nyy2 /ɲɨː˨/ nox3 /no˨˩˦/ er²¹⁴ /ɚ˨˩˦/ er /ɚ˨˩/ ·zi /zi˥/ er³ /ɚ˥˩/ er²¹³ /ɚ˨˩˧/
soo2 /soː˨/ sae1 /sæ˥/ san⁵⁵ /san˥˥/ san /san˧˧/ sam /sam˩/ san¹ /san˦/ san⁵⁵ /san˥˥/
lier2 /liər˨/ sv4 /sɿ˨˩/ si²¹⁴ /sɿ˨˩˦/ si /sɿ˦˥/ ·sʌ /sʌ˥/ sy³ /sɨ˥˩/ si²¹³ /sɿ˨˩˧/
ngwu1 /ŋwu˩/ ngux3 /ŋu˨˩˦/ wu⁴² /u˦˨/ u /u˦˩/ :ngwo /ŋo˩˥/ /u˨˦/ wu⁵³ /u˥˧/
chhiw2 /tɕʰiw˨/ lox6 /lo˨˨˨/ liu²¹ /liəu˨˩/ leu /ləu˨˦/ ·lyuk /ljuk̚˥/ lyu³ /lju˥˩/ neu²¹ /nəu˨˩/
shja1 /ɕja˩/ chi1 /tɕʰi˦˦/ qi²¹ /tɕʰi˨˩/ qi /tɕʰi˨˦/ ·chilq /tsʰilʔ˥/ chi¹ /tɕʰi˦/ qi²¹ /tɕʰi˨˩/
ghjar2 /ɣjar˨/ be2 /pe˧˥/ ba²¹ /pa˨˩/ pa /pa˨˦/ ·palq /palʔ˥/ ba¹ /pa˦/ ba²¹ /pa˨˩/
ghew2 /ɣew˨/ jiux3 /tɕiu˨˩˦/ jiu⁴² /tɕiəu˦˨/ jieu /tɕiəu˦˩/ :kwu /ku˩˥/ jyu² /tɕju˨˦/ jiu⁵³ /tɕiəu˥˧/
gha2 /ɣa˨/ cix6 /tsʰɿ˨˨˨/ si²¹ /sɿ˨˩/ zhi /ʑɿ˨˦/ ·ssip /s͈ip̚˥/ shy² /ʂɨ˨˦/ si²¹ /sɿ˨˩/
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