кърыцӀаз кьеланджи
Kryz
Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic, Shahdagh)
Kryts (Kryz) is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Lezgic branch (Shahdagh subgroup, sister to Budukh), spoken by approximately 9,000 people in five villages of Quba Rayon in northeastern Azerbaijan (Khryz, Jek, Haput, Yergüj, Alik), with diaspora communities resettled on the Caspian lowland plains. It is typologically remarkable for its system of nine noun (gender) classes — among the largest of any Lezgic language and reflecting an archaic Proto-Lezgic state — combined with ergative-absolutive alignment, a rich set of locative cases, and class agreement triggered on the verb. Authier's (2009) Grammaire kryz, based on the Alik dialect, remains the standard reference. The language has no community orthography and is unwritten in everyday use; education is in Azerbaijani, and intergenerational transmission is weakening, with Ethnologue rating it 6b (Threatened).
Dove si parla
20 parole essenziali in Kryz
Acqua
xed
/xed/
Fuoco
ts'a
/t͡sʼa/
Sole
vïrïğ
/vɨrɨʁ/
Luna
vats
/vat͡s/
Madre
dada
/dada/
Padre
buba
/buba/
Mangiare
ulkura
/ulˈkura/
Bere
hatsra
/hat͡sˈra/
Amore
mukan
/muˈkan/
Cuore
rikʼ
/rikʼ/
Albero
xer
/xer/
Casa
xal
/xal/
Cane
xveqʼ
/χveqʼ/
Gatto
—
/—/
Mano
kul
/kul/
Occhio
ul
/ul/
Ciao
—
/—/
Grazie
—
/—/
Uno
sa
/sa/
Buono
yiğin
/jiˈʁin/
Fonti
- Authier, Gilles (2009) Grammaire kryz (langue caucasique d'Azerbaïdjan, dialecte d'Alik). Peeters (Leuven), Société de Linguistique de Paris LXXXVI
- Saadiyev, Sh. M. (1972) "Kryzskij jazyk", in Jazyki narodov SSSR, vol. 4: Iberijsko-kavkazskie jazyki. Nauka, pp. 627-642
- Glottolog: Kryts
- Ethnologue: kry
Parole a confronto
Confrontato con le lingue Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic, Shahdagh) correlate
| Significato | Kryz | Budukh | Albanese caucasico | Chinalug | Rutulo | lezgo | tabasarano |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | xed /xed/ | хьед /ħed/ | xe /xe/ | хьу /xu/ | хьед /ħed/ | яд /jad/ | штар /ʃtar/ |
| Fuoco | ts'a /t͡sʼa/ | цӏай /tsʼaj/ | ow /oʊ/ | чIаь /tʃʼæ/ | цӏай /tsʼaj/ | цӏай /tsʼaj/ | цӏа /tsʼa/ |
| Sole | vïrïğ /vɨrɨʁ/ | рагъ /raʁ/ | beɣ /beɣ/ | ынкь /ɨnqʼ/ | варагъ /waraʁ/ | рагъ /raʁ/ | рагъ /raʁ/ |
| Luna | vats /vat͡s/ | ваз /vaz/ | ḳac̣ḳac̣ /kʼat͡sʼkʼat͡sʼ/ | вацI /vatsʼ/ | ваз /waz/ | варз /varz/ | варз /varz/ |
| Madre | dada /dada/ | баб /bab/ | nana /nana/ | — /—/ | нин /nin/ | диде /dide/ | бай /baj/ |
| Padre | buba /buba/ | дада /dada/ | baba /baba/ | — /—/ | дид /did/ | буба /buba/ | дад /dad/ |
| Mangiare | ulkura /ulˈkura/ | ухьун /uħun/ | ows- /us/ | кьанды /qʼandæ/ | ухьун /uħun/ | тӏуьн /tʼyn/ | ипӏуб /ipʼub/ |
| Bere | hatsra /hat͡sˈra/ | эджи /edʒi/ | owɣ- /uɣ/ | цуври /tsʰuvri/ | эджин /edʒin/ | хъун /qun/ | ужуб /uʒub/ |
| Amore | mukan /muˈkan/ | — /—/ | besown /besun/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | кӏан хьун /kʼan χun/ | ккунивал /kːunival/ |
| Cuore | rikʼ /rikʼ/ | юкӏ /jukʼ/ | ükʼ /ykʼ/ | унг /uŋ/ | юкӏ /jukʼ/ | рикӏ /rikʼ/ | юкӏ /jukʼ/ |
| Albero | xer /xer/ | тар /tar/ | xod /xod/ | виши /viʃæ/ | хыл /χɨl/ | тар /tar/ | гар /ɡar/ |
| Casa | xal /xal/ | кӏул /kʼul/ | ḳoǰ /kʼod͡ʒ/ | цIва /tsʼwa/ | хал /χal/ | кӏвал /kʼval/ | хал /xal/ |
| Cane | xveqʼ /χveqʼ/ | хвар /χʷar/ | xa /xa/ | пхра /pχra/ | хыних /χɨniχ/ | кицӏ /kitsʼ/ | хю /xy/ |
| Gatto | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | гету /ɡetu/ | кац /kats/ | кет /ket/ |
| Mano | kul /kul/ | кул /kul/ | kʼul /kʼul/ | кул /kʰul/ | хыл /χɨl/ | гъил /ʁil/ | хил /xil/ |
| Occhio | ul /ul/ | ул /ul/ | pʼul /pʼul/ | пил /pʰil/ | ул /ul/ | вил /vil/ | ул /ul/ |
| Ciao | — /—/ | салам /salam/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | салам /salam/ | салам /salam/ | салам /salam/ |
| Grazie | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | чухсагъул /tʃuxsaʁul/ | чухсагъул /tʃuxsaʁul/ |
| Uno | sa /sa/ | са /sa/ | sa /sa/ | са /sa/ | са /sa/ | сад /sad/ | саб /sab/ |
| Buono | yiğin /jiˈʁin/ | — /—/ | kʼačʼal /kʼat͡ʃʼal/ | ксан /ksan/ | йишды /jiʃdɨ/ | хъсан /qsan/ | ужу /uʒu/ |
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