Mongghul
Mongolic (Shirongol, Monguoric)
Mongghul (also Mangghuer or Tu) is a Mongolic language of northeast Tibet (Amdo Tibetan cultural zone) spoken by the Tu (土族) nationality of Qinghai and Gansu provinces, China. Despite being officially classified as one ethnic group ("Tu") by China, Mongghul and Mangghuer are sufficiently distinct that linguists treat them as separate languages of the Shirongol Mongolic branch. Heavy influence from neighboring Amdo Tibetan (Khams Tibetan area) and Northwest Chinese; loanwords from Persian via the historical Silk Road.
Tempat dituturkan
20 kata inti dalam Mongghul
Air
usu
/usu/
Api
ghal
/ʁal/
Matahari
nara
/nara/
Bulan
sara
/sara/
Ibu
ana
/ana/
Ayah
ada
/ada/
Makan
idi-
/idi/
Minum
uu-
/uː/
Cinta
durala-
/durala/
Hati
jürige
/dʒyriɡe/
Pohon
modu
/modu/
Rumah
ger
/ɡer/
Anjing
noghui
/noʁui/
Kucing
mau
/mau/
Tangan
ghar
/ʁar/
Mata
nidu
/nidu/
Halo
amur sain
/amur sain/
Terima kasih
bayarla-
/bajarla/
Satu
nige
/niɡe/
Baik
sain
/sain/
Sumber
Perbandingan kata
Dibandingkan dengan bahasa Mongolic (Shirongol, Monguoric) terkait
| Arti | Mongghul | bahasa Mongol Pertengahan | Bahasa Mongolia Klasik | Bahasa Mongolia | bahasa Kalmyk | bahasa Buryat | Mongolia (Mongolia Dalam) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air | usu /usu/ | ᠤᠰᠤᠨ /usun/ | ᠤᠰᠤᠨ /usun/ | ус /us/ | усн /usn/ | уһан /uhan/ | ᠤᠰᠤ /usu/ |
| Api | ghal /ʁal/ | ᠭᠠᠯ /ɣal/ | ᠭᠠᠯ /ɡal/ | гал /ɡal/ | гал /ɡal/ | гал /ɡal/ | ᠭᠠᠯ /ɡɑl/ |
| Matahari | nara /nara/ | ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ /naran/ | ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ /naran/ | нар /nar/ | нарн /narn/ | наран /naran/ | ᠨᠠᠷᠠ /nɑrɑ/ |
| Bulan | sara /sara/ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ /sara/ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ /sara/ | сар /sar/ | сар /sar/ | һара /hara/ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ /sɑrɑ/ |
| Ibu | ana /ana/ | ᠡᠭᠡ /eke/ | ᠡᠬᠡ /eke/ | ээж /eːdʒ/ | ээҗ /eːdʒ/ | эхэ /exe/ | ᠡᠬᠡ /eχe/ |
| Ayah | ada /ada/ | ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ /etʃiɡe/ | ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ /et͡ʃiɡe/ | аав /aːw/ | аав /aːv/ | эсэгэ /eseɡe/ | ᠠᠪᠤ /ɑβu/ |
| Makan | idi- /idi/ | ᠢᠳᠡ /ide/ | ᠢᠳᠡ- /ide-/ | идэх /idex/ | иде /ide/ | эдеэлхэ /edeːlxe/ | ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ /ideχʉ/ |
| Minum | uu- /uː/ | ᠤᠭᠤ /uɣu/ | ᠤᠭᠤ- /uɣu-/ | уух /uːx/ | уу /uː/ | ууха /uːxa/ | ᠤᠤᠬᠤ /uːχu/ |
| Cinta | durala- /durala/ | ᠳᠤᠷᠠ /dura/ | ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠ /xajira/ | хайр /xajr/ | дурлх /durlx/ | дуран /duran/ | ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠ /χɑir/ |
| Hati | jürige /dʒyriɡe/ | ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡ /dʒiryke/ | ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ /d͡ʒirüke/ | зүрх /dzyrx/ | зүркн /zyrˈkən/ | зүрхэн /zyrxen/ | ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ /dʒirʉχe/ |
| Pohon | modu /modu/ | ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠨ /modun/ | ᠮᠣᠳᠤ /modu/ | мод /mod/ | модн /moˈdn̩/ | модон /modon/ | ᠮᠣᠳᠤ /mɔdu/ |
| Rumah | ger /ɡer/ | ᠭᠡᠷ /ɡer/ | ᠭᠡᠷ /ɡer/ | гэр /ɡer/ | гер /ɡer/ | гэр /ɡer/ | ᠭᠡᠷ /ɡer/ |
| Anjing | noghui /noʁui/ | ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ /noqai/ | ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ /noxai/ | нохой /nɔxɔj/ | ноха /noxa/ | нохой /noxoj/ | ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ /nɔχɑi/ |
| Kucing | mau /mau/ | ᠮᠢᠭᠤᠢ /miɣui/ | ᠮᠠᠭᠣ /maɣu/ | муур /muːr/ | миис /miːs/ | миисгэй /miːsɡej/ | ᠮᠤᠤᠷ /muːr/ |
| Tangan | ghar /ʁar/ | ᠭᠠᠷ /ɣar/ | ᠭᠠᠷ /ɡar/ | гар /ɡar/ | һар /ɣar/ | гар /ɡar/ | ᠭᠠᠷ /ɡɑr/ |
| Mata | nidu /nidu/ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ /nidyn/ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦ /nidü/ | нүд /nyd/ | нүдн /nyˈdn̩/ | нюдэн /ɲuden/ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦ /nidʉ/ |
| Halo | amur sain /amur sain/ | ᠠᠮᠤᠷ /amur/ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠤ /sajin uu/ | сайн уу /sajn uː/ | менд /mend/ | сайн байна /sajn bajna/ | ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ /sɑin bɑinɑ/ |
| Terima kasih | bayarla- /bajarla/ | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠪᠠ /bajarlaba/ | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯᠠ /bajarlala/ | баярлалаа /bajarlalaː/ | ханҗанав /xandʒanav/ | баярлаа /bajarlaː/ | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯᠠ /bɑjɑrlɑlɑ/ |
| Satu | nige /niɡe/ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ /niɡen/ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ /niɡen/ | нэг /neɡ/ | негн /neɡn/ | нэгэн /neɡen/ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ /niɡe/ |
| Baik | sain /sain/ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ /sain/ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ /sajin/ | сайн /sajn/ | сән /sæn/ | һайн /hajn/ | ᠰᠠᠢᠨ /sɑin/ |
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