高麗時代韓國語
Bahasa Goryeo
Koreanic · varietas historis / tersembunyi
Goryeo Korean (고려어, ~918-1392) is the Early Middle Korean stage spoken during the Goryeo dynasty, transitional between Old Korean of unified Silla and the Late Middle Korean of the post-Hangul early Joseon. Pre-dating Hangul (1446), it was written by adapting Chinese characters via three systems: hyangchal (향찰, semantic + phonetic logographic mixing), idu (이두, Sinitic syntax with Korean grammatical particles spelled in Hanja), and gugyeol (구결, glossing aids for reading Classical Chinese). Primary linguistic corpus is the 鶏林類事 (Gyerim Yusa, 1103) by Sun Mu (孫穆), a Chinese-Korean glossary of ~350 words transcribed in Chinese characters. Goryeo also produced the Jikji 直指 (1377), the world's oldest surviving book printed with movable metal type — a Buddhist Seon canon predating Gutenberg by 78 years and inscribed in UNESCO Memory of the World 2001. Reconstruction follows Lee Ki-Moon (2003), Sasse (1976), and Sohn (1999).
Tempat dituturkan
20 kata inti dalam Bahasa Goryeo
Air
沒
/*mwol/
Api
孛
/*pwol/
Matahari
姮
/*hai/
Bulan
突
/*twol/
Ibu
—
/—/
Ayah
—
/—/
Makan
—
/—/
Minum
—
/—/
Cinta
—
/—/
Hati
—
/—/
Pohon
南記
/*namki/
Rumah
集
/*tɕip/
Anjing
家稀
/*kahi/
Kucing
—
/—/
Tangan
遜
/*swon/
Mata
嫩
/*nwun/
Halo
—
/—/
Terima kasih
—
/—/
Satu
河屯
/*hatwun/
Baik
—
/—/
Sumber
Perbandingan kata
Dibandingkan dengan bahasa Koreanic terkait
| Arti | Bahasa Goryeo | Bahasa Iberia | Bahasa Goguryeo | Bahasa Isyarat Nikaragua | bahasa Damin | Bahasa Tartessos | Bahasa Liburnia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air | 沒 /*mwol/ | — /—/ | 買 /*mai/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Api | 孛 /*pwol/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | l!ii /lǃiː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Matahari | 姮 /*hai/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Bulan | 突 /*twol/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Ibu | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Ayah | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Makan | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Minum | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Cinta | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Hati | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Pohon | 南記 /*namki/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Rumah | 集 /*tɕip/ | iltiŕ /iltir̥/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Anjing | 家稀 /*kahi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Kucing | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Tangan | 遜 /*swon/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mata | 嫩 /*nwun/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Halo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Terima kasih | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Satu | 河屯 /*hatwun/ | ban /ban/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Baik | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
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