Mayangna

Sumo

Misumalpan

FamilyMisumalpan Speakers~10K (Nicaragua ~8K + Honduras ~2K) ScriptLatin CountriesNicaragua, Honduras Official inNicaragua Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3yan

Sumo (Mayangna) is one of the two surviving Misumalpan languages, sister to Miskito (msu/miq). The Misumalpan family is a small isolated language family of Central America (Nicaragua, Honduras), comprising only Sumo and Miskito as living languages plus several extinct varieties. The Sumo (or Mayangna, the autonym) people are concentrated in the Bonanza-Rosita-Siuna mining triangle of the Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region of Nicaragua, with smaller populations in Honduras's Mosquitia. Linguistically, Sumo shares Misumalpan features with Miskito: SOV constituent order, postpositions, complex polypersonal verb morphology, and a tonal system. The Mayangna identity has been the focus of community-led revitalization since the 1990s, with the Mayangna Yamni Indigenous Federation supporting language preservation.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Sumo

Water

was

/was/

Fire

kuh

/kuh/

Sun

ma

/ma/

Moon

waikuh

/waikuh/

Star

sirihma

/siɾihma/

Mother

nuh

/nuh/

Father

papang

/papaŋ/

I

yang

/jaŋ/

You

man

/man/

Name

pani

/paˈni/

Eye

nakra

/nakɾa/

Hand

ting

/tiŋ/

Heart

/maː/

Love

walai

/walai/

Tree

âu

/aːu/

House

utla

/utla/

Dog

suluk

/suluk/

Cat

mistuh

/mistuh/

Eat

piru

/piɾu/

Drink

di

/di/

One

as

/as/

Two

bu

/bu/

Hello

naksa

/naksa/

Thank you

yaisi

/jaisi/

Good

pain

/pain/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Misumalpan languages

Meaning SumoIbanHiri MotuTuvaluanBanjarMotuMāori
Water was /was/ ai /ai/ ranu /ɾanu/ vai /vai/ banyu /baɲu/ ranu /ɾanu/ wai /wai/
Fire kuh /kuh/ api /api/ lahi /lahi/ afi /afi/ api /api/ lahi /lahi/ ahi /ahi/
Sun ma /ma/ mata-ari /mataari/ dina /dina/ laa /laː/ matahari /matahari/ dina /dina/ /ɾaː/
Moon waikuh /waikuh/ bulan /bulan/ hua /hua/ masina /masina/ bulan /bulan/ hua /hua/ marama /maɾama/
Star sirihma /siɾihma/ bintang /bintaŋ/ hisiu /hisiu/ fetū /feˈtuː/ bintang /bintaŋ/ hisiu /hisiu/ whetū /ɸɛtuː/
Mother nuh /nuh/ indai /indai/ sina /sina/ maatua /maːtua/ uma /uma/ sinana /sinana/ whaea /ɸaea/
Father papang /papaŋ/ apai /apai/ tama /tama/ tamana /tamana/ abah /abah/ tamana /tamana/ matua /matua/
I yang /jaŋ/ aku /aku/ lau /lau/ au /au/ aku /aku/ lau /lau/ au /au/
Page 1/4

Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.