Kirikirʔis

Wichita

Caddoan (Northern Caddoan)

FamilyCaddoan (Northern Caddoan) Speakers~3 L1 (critically endangered, last speaker d. 2016) ScriptLatin (linguistic orthography with ʔ and ː) CountriesUnited States (Oklahoma) Official inNo (tribal heritage language of the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes) ISO 639-3wic Glottocodewich1260

Wichita is a Northern Caddoan language of Oklahoma famous for lacking a bilabial stop /p/ entirely — a typologically extreme rarity worldwide. Its polysynthetic verbs can express whole sentences in a single word, and a glottal stop ʔ and long vowels are phonemically contrastive.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Wichita

Water

kicʔa

/kitsʔa/

Fire

hatʔihks

/hatʔihks/

Sun

saːkihirikiʔis

/saːkihiɾikiʔis/

Moon

/—/

Star

hokʼwahriʔ

/hokʼʷahriʔ/

Mother

ʔatsi

/ʔatsi/

Father

ʔaːsi

/ʔaːsi/

I

náⁱʔ

/náːʔ/

You

áⁱʔ

/áːʔ/

Name

-riʔ

/riʔ/

Eye

kiriːkihinaʔ

/kiɾiːkihinaʔ/

Hand

ʔiskʔa

/ʔiskʔa/

Heart

kaːc

/kaːts/

Love

/—/

Tree

tahaːriʔ

/tahaːɾiʔ/

House

kaːhikʔa

/kaːhikʔa/

Dog

kicʔariːh

/kitsʔaɾiːh/

Cat

/—/

Eat

taʔac

/taʔats/

Drink

kiːckiriʔeːhirʔa

/kiːtskiɾiʔeːhiɾʔa/

One

cʔiːʔas

/tsʔiːʔas/

Two

wic

/wits/

Hello

nakahaʔahirʔa

/nakahaʔahiɾʔa/

Thank you

/—/

Good

/—/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Caddoan (Northern Caddoan) languages

Meaning WichitaProto-AfroasiaticProto-AustroasiaticNekoIberianTuyucaMessapic
Water kicʔa /kitsʔa/ *maw- /maw-/ *ɗaːk /ɗaːk/ wai /wai/ /—/ oko /oko/ /—/
Fire hatʔihks /hatʔihks/ /—/ *ʔuːs /ʔuːs/ titɛ /titɛ/ /—/ pekãbẽ /pekãbẽ/ /—/
Sun saːkihirikiʔis /saːkihiɾikiʔis/ /—/ *tŋiːʔ /tŋiːʔ/ aatʌ /aːtʌ/ /—/ /—/ /—/
Moon /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/
Star hokʼwahriʔ /hokʼʷahriʔ/ /—/ /—/ kumba /kumba/ /—/ ñokõ /ɲokõ/ /—/
Mother ʔatsi /ʔatsi/ *ʔim- /ʔim-/ *maʔ /maʔ/ /—/ /—/ pakó /pakó/ /—/
Father ʔaːsi /ʔaːsi/ *ʔab- /ʔab-/ /—/ /—/ /—/ /—/ ana /ˈana/
I náⁱʔ /náːʔ/ *ʔan- /ʔan-/ *ʔaɲ /ʔaɲ/ na /na/ /—/ yʉʉ /jɨː/ /—/
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