basa Sunda buhun
Old Sundanese
Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic) · historical / hidden variety
Old Sundanese is the literary Austronesian language of the Sunda kingdoms of West Java (notably Pajajaran, 1042-1579 CE), distinct from Old Javanese (Kawi) of central and eastern Java. Attested in stone inscriptions and palm-leaf (lontar) manuscripts including the Carita Parahyangan (~16th c., a Sundanese chronicle), the Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian (1518) and the Bujangga Manik travelogue. Used the Old Sundanese script (a distinct Brahmi-derived abugida, not the Javanese Hanacaraka). After the fall of Pajajaran in 1579 to Banten Sultanate Islamic forces, Old Sundanese gradually gave way to Modern Sundanese (su) and the Javanese-style Hanacaraka and Pegon Arabic scripts.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Old Sundanese
Water
cai
/tʃai/
Fire
seuneu
/sɯnɯ/
Sun
poé
/poe/
Moon
bulan
/bulan/
Mother
indung
/induŋ/
Father
bapa
/bapa/
Eat
dahar
/dahar/
Drink
nginum
/ŋinum/
Love
nyaah
/ɲaːh/
Heart
hate
/hate/
Tree
tangkal
/taŋkal/
House
imah
/imah/
Dog
anjing
/andʒiŋ/
Cat
ucing
/utʃiŋ/
Hand
leungeun
/lɯŋɯn/
Eye
panon
/panon/
Hello
wilujeng
/wiludʒəŋ/
Thank you
nuhun
/nuhun/
One
hiji
/hidʒi/
Good
hade
/hade/
Sources
- Noorduyn & Teeuw (2006) Three Old Sundanese Poems
- Atja & Saleh (1981) Carita Parahyangan
- Glottolog: olds1242
Words compared
Compared with related Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic) languages
| Meaning | Old Sundanese | Sundanese | Old Malay | Musi | Lampung | Javanese | Indonesian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | cai /tʃai/ | cai /tʃai/ | ayar /ajar/ | ayek /ajek/ | way /waj/ | banyu /banju/ | air /ˈa.ir/ |
| Fire | seuneu /sɯnɯ/ | seuneu /sɯnɯ/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | apui /apui/ | geni /ɡəni/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | poé /poe/ | panonpoé /panɔnpɔe/ | matari /matari/ | matahari /matahari/ | matarani /matarani/ | srengéngé /srəŋeŋe/ | matahari /matahari/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Mother | indung /induŋ/ | indung /induŋ/ | ibu /ibu/ | mak /mak/ | ina /ina/ | ibu /ibu/ | ibu /ibu/ |
| Father | bapa /bapa/ | bapa /bapa/ | bapa /bapa/ | bapak /bapak/ | kemamang /kemamaŋ/ | bapak /bapak/ | ayah /ajah/ |
| Eat | dahar /dahar/ | dahar /dahar/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | nganik /ŋanik/ | mangan /maŋan/ | makan /makan/ |
| Drink | nginum /ŋinum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | ngombe /ŋombe/ | minum /minum/ |
| Love | nyaah /ɲaːh/ | bogoh /bɔɡɔh/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | gawoh /ɡawoh/ | tresna /trɛsna/ | cinta /tʃinta/ |
| Heart | hate /hate/ | haté /hate/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | ati /ati/ | hati /hati/ |
| Tree | tangkal /taŋkal/ | tangkal /taŋkal/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | batang kayu /bataŋ kaju/ | wit /wit/ | pohon /pohon/ |
| House | imah /imah/ | imah /imah/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | lamban /lamban/ | omah /omah/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Dog | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Cat | ucing /utʃiŋ/ | ucing /utʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ |
| Hand | leungeun /lɯŋɯn/ | leungeun /lɯŋɯn/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | pungow /puŋow/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Eye | panon /panon/ | panon /panɔn/ | mata /mata/ | mato /mato/ | mata /mata/ | mripat /mripat/ | mata /mata/ |
| Hello | wilujeng /wiludʒəŋ/ | sampurasun /sampurasun/ | — /—/ | halo /halo/ | tabik /tabik/ | halo /halo/ | halo /ˈhalo/ |
| Thank you | nuhun /nuhun/ | hatur nuhun /hatur nuhun/ | — /—/ | terimo kasih /terimo kasih/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | matur nuwun /matur nuwun/ | terima kasih /tərima kasih/ |
| One | hiji /hidʒi/ | hiji /hidʒi/ | sa /sa/ | siko /siko/ | sai /sai/ | siji /sidʒi/ | satu /satu/ |
| Good | hade /hade/ | hadé /hade/ | baik /baik/ | bagus /baɡus/ | hayep /hajep/ | apik /apik/ | baik /baiʔ/ |
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