ဘာသာ မန်

Middle Mongolian

Austroasiatic (Mon-Khmer, Monic) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyAustroasiatic (Mon-Khmer, Monic) SpeakersExtinct (~6-11c. CE; modern Mon descends) ScriptMon script (Brahmic, ancestor of Burmese script) CountriesDvaravati kingdom, Pagan-era Burma Official inDvaravati / Mon city-states Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3omx

Old Mon was the language of the Dvaravati civilization (modern Thailand) and the Mon kingdoms of Lower Burma from the 6th to 11th centuries. Inscriptions from Pagan show it was a high-prestige court language even after Burmese ascendancy. The Mon script (Brahmic) became the ancestor of the Burmese, Shan, and Karen scripts. Reconstructions follow Shorto (1971) and Diffloth.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Middle Mongolian

Water

ဍာ်

/ɗaːk/

Fire

ပ်ၟ

/pmaʔ/

Sun

တ္ၚဲ

/tŋai/

Moon

ဂျိုၚ်

/klɔŋ/

Mother

ၚာ

/ŋaː/

Father

/pʰɛʔ/

Eat

စိ

/tɕiʔ/

Drink

သုက်

/sok/

Love

ဖျုန်

/pʰyon/

Heart

လုပ်

/lup/

Tree

ဆု

/tɕu/

House

သ္ၚိ

/sŋiʔ/

Dog

ခၠဵု

/kʰlou/

Cat

ဂျိ

/kluj/

Hand

တၟုိ

/toi/

Eye

မတ်

/mat/

Hello

/—/

Thank you

/—/

One

မွဲ

/mwɛ/

Good

ခိုဟ်

/kʰɔh/

Words compared

Compared with related Austroasiatic (Mon-Khmer, Monic) languages

Meaning Middle MongolianMonOld BurmeseTocharian ATocharian BPyuOld Thai (Sukhothai)
Water ဍာ် /ɗaːk/ ဍာ် /ɗaʔ/ ရိ /riy/ 𑀯𑀭𑁆 /wær/ 𑀯𑀭𑁆 /war/ ʔuy /uj/ น้ำ /naːm/
Fire ပ်ၟ /pmaʔ/ ပၟတ် /pəmɔʔ/ မိး /miːʔ/ 𑀧𑁄𑀭𑁆 /por/ 𑀧𑀼𑀯𑀭𑁆 /puwar/ vyaŋ /wjaŋ/ ไฟ /faj/
Sun တ္ၚဲ /tŋai/ တ္ၚဲ /tŋoa/ နိ /niy/ 𑀓𑁄𑀁 /kom/ 𑀓𑁅𑀁 /kauŋ/ ño /ɲo/ ตะวัน /tawan/
Moon ဂျိုၚ် /klɔŋ/ ဂိတု /kətoa/ /lat/ 𑀫𑀜𑁆 /mæɲ/ 𑀫𑁂𑀜𑁂 /meɲe/ hla /hla/ เดือน /dɯːan/
Mother ၚာ /ŋaː/ မိ /mi/ အဝ /ʔaw/ 𑀫𑀸𑀘𑀭𑁆 /maːtsar/ 𑀫𑀸𑀘𑁂𑀭𑁆 /maːtser/ na /na/ แม่ /mɛː/
Father /pʰɛʔ/ အပါ /ʔəpa/ အဖ /ʔap/ 𑀧𑀸𑀘𑀭𑁆 /paːtsar/ 𑀧𑀸𑀘𑁂𑀭𑁆 /paːtser/ paʔ /paʔ/ พ่อ /pʰɔː/
Eat စိ /tɕiʔ/ ဂစုက် /caʔ/ စား /tsaːʔ/ 𑀰𑀯𑁆 /ɕæw/ 𑀰𑀼𑀯 /ɕuwa/ cyaʔ /tɕaʔ/ กิน /kin/
Drink သုက် /sok/ သုၚ် /soŋ/ ၐုက် /suk/ 𑀬𑁄𑀓𑁆 /jok/ 𑀬𑁄𑀓𑁆 /jok/ /—/ กิน /kin/
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