Chilunda

Lunda

Niger-Congo > Atlantic-Congo > Benue-Congo > Bantu (Guthrie zone L.52)

FamilyNiger-Congo > Atlantic-Congo > Benue-Congo > Bantu (Guthrie zone L.52) Speakers~600K ScriptLatin (Lunda alphabet, which writes the velar nasal with ŋ) CountriesZambia, Angola, DR Congo Official inNo (English is Zambia's sole official language; Lunda is one of seven recognised regional languages used in primary education and state broadcasting) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3lun

Lunda, or Chilunda, is a Bantu language of Guthrie zone L.52 spoken in the borderland where Zambia's North-Western Province meets Angola and the DR Congo. Its speakers are the Lunda-Ndembu, whose ritual life became famous in anthropology through Victor Turner's fieldwork in the 1950s. It is a typical Bantu language with a full noun-class system — kawa 'dog' plural tuwa, mutondu 'tree' plural nyitondu, katumbwa 'star' plural tutumbwa — and its orthography is distinctive among Zambian languages in using the letter ŋ (Nzambi 'God', kukeŋa 'to love', itaŋwa 'sun'). Lunda has a complete Bible (1962, revised 2004) and is used in schools and radio, but everyday lexicography is thin: no substantial Lunda dictionary is freely available online, so much of the modern vocabulary is undocumented in public sources. Transmission remains strong in rural Mwinilunga and Zambezi districts.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Lunda

Water

meji

/medʒi/

Fire

kesi

/kesi/

Sun

itaŋwa

/itaŋwa/

Moon

kakweji

/kakwedʒi/

Star

katumbwa

/katumbwa/

Mother

mama

/mama/

Father

tata

/tata/

I

ami

/ami/

You

eyi

/eji/

Name

ijina

/idʒina/

Eye

disu

/disu/

Hand

chikasa

/tʃikasa/

Heart

muchima

/mutʃima/

Love

kukeŋa

/kukeŋa/

Tree

mutondu

/mutondu/

House

itala

/itala/

Dog

kawa

/kawa/

Cat

/—/

Eat

kudya

/kudja/

Drink

kunwa

/kunwa/

One

wumu

/wumu/

Two

ayedi

/ajedi/

Hello

mwani

/mwani/

Thank you

nasakalili

/nasakalili/

Good

chachiwahi

/tʃatʃiwahi/

Words compared

Compared with related Niger-Congo > Atlantic-Congo > Benue-Congo > Bantu (Guthrie zone L.52) languages

Meaning LundaLuvaleKimbunduLuba-KasaiKaondeBembaSena
Water meji /medʒi/ meya /meja/ menha /meɲa/ mâyi /maːji/ mema /mema/ amenshi /amenʃi/ madzi /madzi/
Fire kesi /kesi/ kakahya /kakahja/ tubia /tubja/ kapia /kapia/ mujilo /mudʒilo/ umulilo /umulilo/ moto /moto/
Sun itaŋwa /itaŋwa/ likumbi /likumbi/ muanya /mwaɲa/ dîba /diːba/ juba /dʒuba/ akasuba /akasuba/ dzuwa /dzuwa/
Moon kakweji /kakwedʒi/ kakweji /kakwedʒi/ ngonde /ŋɡonde/ ngondo /ŋɡondo/ ñondo /ɲondo/ umweshi /umweʃi/ mwedzi /mwedzi/
Star katumbwa /katumbwa/ tanganyeka /taŋɡaˈɲeka/ tetembwa /teˈtembwa/ mutoto /mutoto/ lutanda /lutanda/ intanda /intanda/ nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/
Mother mama /mama/ mama /mama/ mama /mama/ mâmu /maːmu/ bama /bama/ bamayo /bamajo/ mai /mai/
Father tata /tata/ tata /tata/ tata /tata/ tâtu /taːtu/ batata /batata/ bataata /bataːta/ baba /baba/
I ami /ami/ ami /ami/ eme /eme/ meme /meme/ amiwa /amiwa/ ine /ine/ ine /ine/
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