Lingaz Ladin
Ladin
Indo-European (Romance, Gallo-Romance, Rhaeto-Romance)
Ladin (lingaz ladin, ladino dolomitano) is a Rhaeto-Romance language spoken in five valleys of the Italian Dolomites — Val Gardena (Gherdëina), Val Badia, Val di Fassa, Livinallongo (Fodom) and Ampezzo — by ~30K people. Together with Romansh (rm) of Switzerland and Friulian (fur) of northeast Italy, it forms the Rhaeto-Romance group, descending from the Latin of Roman colonists in Raetia (15 BCE). Recognized as a minority language under Italian Law 482/1999 and the Trentino-Alto Adige autonomous statute. Each of the five valleys has its own written variety; the SPELL standardization project (1988) created a unified pan-valley Ladin Dolomitan, which remains controversial.
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Ladin
Water
ega
/ˈeɡa/
Fire
füch
/fyk/
Sun
surëdl
/suˈrəːdl/
Moon
löna
/ˈløːna/
Mother
mëma
/ˈməma/
Father
pere
/ˈpere/
Eat
mangé
/manˈʤe/
Drink
bever
/ˈbever/
Love
amor
/aˈmoɾ/
Heart
cuer
/kweɾ/
Tree
albe
/ˈalbe/
House
ciasa
/ˈʧaza/
Dog
cian
/ʧaŋ/
Cat
giat
/ʤat/
Hand
man
/maŋ/
Eye
uedl
/ˈwəːdl/
Hello
bun de
/buŋ ˈde/
Thank you
dilan
/diˈlaŋ/
One
un
/un/
Good
bon
/boŋ/
Sources
- Ethnologue: lld
- Salvi (1997) Ladin (in Maiden & Parry, The Dialects of Italy)
- Istitut Cultural Ladin Micurà de Rü
Words compared
Compared with related Indo-European (Romance, Gallo-Romance, Rhaeto-Romance) languages
| Meaning | Ladin | Friulian | Piedmontese | Tabarchino | Emilian-Romagnol | Old Italian (Dantesque) | Lombard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ega /ˈeɡa/ | aghe /ˈaɡe/ | eva /ˈeva/ | ægua /ˈɛɡwa/ | aqua /ˈakwa/ | acqua /ˈakːwa/ | aqua /ˈaːkwa/ |
| Fire | füch /fyk/ | fûc /fuːk/ | feu /føː/ | feûgu /ˈføɡu/ | fôg /foːk/ | foco /ˈfɔko/ | fœg /føːk/ |
| Sun | surëdl /suˈrəːdl/ | soreli /soˈreːli/ | sol /sol/ | su /ˈsu/ | sòul /sɔul/ | sole /ˈsole/ | sô /soː/ |
| Moon | löna /ˈløːna/ | lune /ˈlune/ | lun-a /ˈlyna/ | lugna /ˈlyɲa/ | lóna /ˈlona/ | luna /ˈluna/ | lüna /ˈlyna/ |
| Mother | mëma /ˈməma/ | mari /ˈmaːri/ | mare /ˈmare/ | maire /ˈmajre/ | mèder /ˈmɛder/ | madre /ˈmaːdre/ | mader /ˈmaːder/ |
| Father | pere /ˈpere/ | pari /ˈpaːri/ | pare /ˈpare/ | paire /ˈpajre/ | pèder /ˈpɛder/ | padre /ˈpaːdre/ | pader /ˈpaːder/ |
| Eat | mangé /manˈʤe/ | mangjâ /manˈɲaː/ | mangé /maɲˈdʒe/ | mangià /manˈdʒa/ | magnèr /maˈɲɛːr/ | mangiare /manˈd͡ʒare/ | mangià /maɲˈdʒaː/ |
| Drink | bever /ˈbever/ | bevi /ˈbeːvi/ | bèive /ˈbɛive/ | beive /ˈbejve/ | bèvar /ˈbɛvar/ | bevere /ˈbevere/ | bev /bev/ |
| Love | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amôr /aˈmoːr/ | amor /aˈmur/ | amù /aˈmu/ | amôr /aˈmoːr/ | amore /aˈmore/ | amor /aˈmuːr/ |
| Heart | cuer /kweɾ/ | cûr /kuːr/ | cheur /kør/ | chêu /kø/ | côr /koːr/ | core /ˈkɔre/ | cör /kør/ |
| Tree | albe /ˈalbe/ | arbul /ˈarbul/ | àrbol /ˈarbol/ | âbu /ˈaːbu/ | àlber /ˈalber/ | albero /ˈalbero/ | albar /ˈalbar/ |
| House | ciasa /ˈʧaza/ | cjase /ˈcaːse/ | ca /ka/ | cà /ka/ | cà /kaː/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | cà /kaː/ |
| Dog | cian /ʧaŋ/ | cjan /caŋ/ | can /kaŋ/ | can /kaŋ/ | chèn /kɛn/ | cane /ˈkane/ | can /kan/ |
| Cat | giat /ʤat/ | gjat /ɟat/ | gat /ɡat/ | gatu /ˈɡatu/ | gat /ɡat/ | gatto /ˈɡatːo/ | gat /ɡat/ |
| Hand | man /maŋ/ | man /maŋ/ | man /maŋ/ | mòn /mɔŋ/ | mân /maːn/ | mano /ˈmano/ | man /maŋ/ |
| Eye | uedl /ˈwəːdl/ | voli /ˈvoli/ | euj /øj/ | öggiu /ˈødʒu/ | ôc /oːtʃ/ | occhio /ˈɔkːjo/ | öcc /øtʃ/ |
| Hello | bun de /buŋ ˈde/ | mandi /ˈmandi/ | ciao /tʃao/ | ciau /tʃaw/ | ciao /ˈtʃao/ | salute /saˈlute/ | ciao /ˈtʃaːo/ |
| Thank you | dilan /diˈlaŋ/ | graziis /ˈɡraːt͡sjis/ | gràssie /ˈɡrasːie/ | graçie /ˈɡrasje/ | grazie /ˈɡratsje/ | mercede /merˈt͡ʃede/ | gràzie /ˈɡrasje/ |
| One | un /un/ | un /uŋ/ | un /yŋ/ | un /uŋ/ | ón /uŋ/ | uno /ˈuno/ | vün /vyŋ/ |
| Good | bon /boŋ/ | bon /boŋ/ | bon /buŋ/ | bon /buŋ/ | bón /boŋ/ | buono /ˈbwɔno/ | bun /buŋ/ |
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