Lingaz Ladin

Ladin

Indo-European (Romance, Gallo-Romance, Rhaeto-Romance)

FamilyIndo-European (Romance, Gallo-Romance, Rhaeto-Romance) Speakers~30K ScriptLatin CountriesItaly (Trentino-Alto Adige, Veneto — Dolomite valleys) Official inItaly Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3lld

Ladin (lingaz ladin, ladino dolomitano) is a Rhaeto-Romance language spoken in five valleys of the Italian Dolomites — Val Gardena (Gherdëina), Val Badia, Val di Fassa, Livinallongo (Fodom) and Ampezzo — by ~30K people. Together with Romansh (rm) of Switzerland and Friulian (fur) of northeast Italy, it forms the Rhaeto-Romance group, descending from the Latin of Roman colonists in Raetia (15 BCE). Recognized as a minority language under Italian Law 482/1999 and the Trentino-Alto Adige autonomous statute. Each of the five valleys has its own written variety; the SPELL standardization project (1988) created a unified pan-valley Ladin Dolomitan, which remains controversial.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Ladin

Water

ega

/ˈeɡa/

Fire

füch

/fyk/

Sun

surëdl

/suˈrəːdl/

Moon

löna

/ˈløːna/

Star

stëila

/ˈstəila/

Mother

uma

/ˈuma/

Father

pere

/ˈpere/

I

ie

/je/

You

tu

/tu/

Name

inom

/iˈnɔm/

Eye

uedl

/ˈwəːdl/

Hand

man

/maŋ/

Heart

cuer

/kweɾ/

Love

amor

/aˈmoɾ/

Tree

albe

/ˈalbe/

House

ciasa

/ˈʧaza/

Dog

cian

/ʧaŋ/

Cat

giat

/ʤat/

Eat

mangé

/manˈʤe/

Drink

bever

/ˈbever/

One

un

/un/

Two

doi

/dɔi/

Hello

bun de

/buŋ ˈde/

Thank you

dilan

/diˈlaŋ/

Good

bon

/boŋ/

Cuckoo

cuch

/kuk/

Computer

computer

/komˈpjuter/

Sushi

sushi

/ˈsuʃi/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Indo-European (Romance, Gallo-Romance, Rhaeto-Romance) languages

Meaning LadinFriulianPiedmonteseTabarchinoLombardInterlingueItalian
Water ega /ˈeɡa/ aghe /ˈaɡe/ eva /ˈeva/ ægua /ˈɛɡwa/ aqua /ˈaːkwa/ aqua /ˈakwa/ acqua /ˈakkwa/
Fire füch /fyk/ fûc /fuːk/ feu /føː/ feûgu /ˈføɡu/ fœg /føːk/ foy /foj/ fuoco /ˈfwɔːko/
Sun surëdl /suˈrəːdl/ soreli /soˈreːli/ sol /sol/ su /ˈsu/ /soː/ sole /ˈsole/ sole /ˈsoːle/
Moon löna /ˈløːna/ lune /ˈlune/ lun-a /ˈlyŋa/ lugna /ˈlyɲa/ lüna /ˈlyna/ lune /ˈlune/ luna /ˈluːna/
Star stëila /ˈstəila/ stele /ˈstɛle/ stèila /ˈstɛjla/ stella /ˈstɛlːa/ stella /ˈstɛla/ stelle /ˈstele/ stella /ˈstɛlla/
Mother uma /ˈuma/ mari /ˈmaːri/ mare /ˈmare/ maire /ˈmajre/ mader /ˈmaːder/ matre /ˈmatre/ madre /ˈmaːdre/
Father pere /ˈpere/ pari /ˈpaːri/ pare /ˈpare/ paire /ˈpajre/ pader /ˈpaːder/ patre /ˈpatre/ padre /ˈpaːdre/
I ie /je/ jo /jɔ/ mi /mi/ mi /mi/ /mi/ yo /jo/ io /ˈio/
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