Furlan
Friulian
Romance (Rhaeto-Romance)
Friulian (Furlan) is the largest Rhaeto-Romance language, spoken by ~600K in northeastern Italy (Friuli-Venezia Giulia region). Closely related to Romansh and Ladin, Friulian descends from a distinctive Aquileian Latin and shows Celtic substrate features (palatalisation of CA-, e.g. cjase < CASA). Recognized as a minority language under Italian Law 482/1999 and regional law since 1996. Notable medieval poetry tradition (Pre-1400 Cancionero); modern standard developed by the Friulian Philological Society (1919).
Where it is spoken
20 core words in Friulian
Water
aghe
/ˈaɡe/
Fire
fûc
/fuːk/
Sun
soreli
/soˈreːli/
Moon
lune
/ˈlune/
Mother
mari
/ˈmaːri/
Father
pari
/ˈpaːri/
Eat
mangjâ
/manˈɲaː/
Drink
bevi
/ˈbeːvi/
Love
amôr
/aˈmoːr/
Heart
cûr
/kuːr/
Tree
arbul
/ˈarbul/
House
cjase
/ˈcaːse/
Dog
cjan
/caŋ/
Cat
gjat
/ɟat/
Hand
man
/maŋ/
Eye
voli
/ˈvoli/
Hello
mandi
/ˈmandi/
Thank you
graziis
/ˈɡraːt͡sjis/
One
un
/uŋ/
Good
bon
/boŋ/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Romance (Rhaeto-Romance) languages
| Meaning | Friulian | Lombard | Emilian-Romagnol | Piedmontese | Italian | Tabarchino | Ladin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | aghe /ˈaɡe/ | aqua /ˈaːkwa/ | aqua /ˈakwa/ | eva /ˈeva/ | acqua /ˈakkwa/ | ægua /ˈɛɡwa/ | ega /ˈeɡa/ |
| Fire | fûc /fuːk/ | fœg /føːk/ | fôg /foːk/ | feu /føː/ | fuoco /ˈfwɔːko/ | feûgu /ˈføɡu/ | füch /fyk/ |
| Sun | soreli /soˈreːli/ | sô /soː/ | sòul /sɔul/ | sol /sol/ | sole /ˈsoːle/ | su /ˈsu/ | surëdl /suˈrəːdl/ |
| Moon | lune /ˈlune/ | lüna /ˈlyna/ | lóna /ˈlona/ | lun-a /ˈlyna/ | luna /ˈluːna/ | lugna /ˈlyɲa/ | löna /ˈløːna/ |
| Mother | mari /ˈmaːri/ | mader /ˈmaːder/ | mèder /ˈmɛder/ | mare /ˈmare/ | madre /ˈmaːdre/ | maire /ˈmajre/ | mëma /ˈməma/ |
| Father | pari /ˈpaːri/ | pader /ˈpaːder/ | pèder /ˈpɛder/ | pare /ˈpare/ | padre /ˈpaːdre/ | paire /ˈpajre/ | pere /ˈpere/ |
| Eat | mangjâ /manˈɲaː/ | mangià /maɲˈdʒaː/ | magnèr /maˈɲɛːr/ | mangé /maɲˈdʒe/ | mangiare /manˈd͡ʒaːre/ | mangià /manˈdʒa/ | mangé /manˈʤe/ |
| Drink | bevi /ˈbeːvi/ | bev /bev/ | bèvar /ˈbɛvar/ | bèive /ˈbɛive/ | bere /ˈbeːre/ | beive /ˈbejve/ | bever /ˈbever/ |
| Love | amôr /aˈmoːr/ | amor /aˈmuːr/ | amôr /aˈmoːr/ | amor /aˈmur/ | amore /aˈmoːre/ | amù /aˈmu/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ |
| Heart | cûr /kuːr/ | cör /kør/ | côr /koːr/ | cheur /kør/ | cuore /ˈkwɔːre/ | chêu /kø/ | cuer /kweɾ/ |
| Tree | arbul /ˈarbul/ | albar /ˈalbar/ | àlber /ˈalber/ | àrbol /ˈarbol/ | albero /ˈalbero/ | âbu /ˈaːbu/ | albe /ˈalbe/ |
| House | cjase /ˈcaːse/ | cà /kaː/ | cà /kaː/ | ca /ka/ | casa /ˈkaːsa/ | cà /ka/ | ciasa /ˈʧaza/ |
| Dog | cjan /caŋ/ | can /kan/ | chèn /kɛn/ | can /kaŋ/ | cane /ˈkaːne/ | can /kaŋ/ | cian /ʧaŋ/ |
| Cat | gjat /ɟat/ | gat /ɡat/ | gat /ɡat/ | gat /ɡat/ | gatto /ˈɡatto/ | gatu /ˈɡatu/ | giat /ʤat/ |
| Hand | man /maŋ/ | man /maŋ/ | mân /maːn/ | man /maŋ/ | mano /ˈmaːno/ | mòn /mɔŋ/ | man /maŋ/ |
| Eye | voli /ˈvoli/ | öcc /øtʃ/ | ôc /oːtʃ/ | euj /øj/ | occhio /ˈɔkkjo/ | öggiu /ˈødʒu/ | uedl /ˈwəːdl/ |
| Hello | mandi /ˈmandi/ | ciao /ˈtʃaːo/ | ciao /ˈtʃao/ | ciao /tʃao/ | ciao /ˈt͡ʃaːo/ | ciau /tʃaw/ | bun de /buŋ ˈde/ |
| Thank you | graziis /ˈɡraːt͡sjis/ | gràzie /ˈɡrasje/ | grazie /ˈɡratsje/ | gràssie /ˈɡrasːie/ | grazie /ˈɡratt͡sje/ | graçie /ˈɡrasje/ | dilan /diˈlaŋ/ |
| One | un /uŋ/ | vün /vyŋ/ | ón /uŋ/ | un /yŋ/ | uno /ˈuːno/ | un /uŋ/ | un /un/ |
| Good | bon /boŋ/ | bun /buŋ/ | bón /boŋ/ | bon /buŋ/ | buono /ˈbwɔːno/ | bon /buŋ/ | bon /boŋ/ |
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