Furlan
Friulian
Romance (Rhaeto-Romance)
Friulian (Furlan) is the largest Rhaeto-Romance language, spoken by ~600K in northeastern Italy (Friuli-Venezia Giulia region). Closely related to Romansh and Ladin, Friulian descends from a distinctive Aquileian Latin and shows Celtic substrate features (palatalisation of CA-, e.g. cjase < CASA). Recognized as a minority language under Italian Law 482/1999 and regional law since 1996. Notable medieval poetry tradition (Pre-1400 Cancionero); modern standard developed by the Friulian Philological Society (1919).
Where it is spoken
31 core words in Friulian
Water
aghe
/ˈaɡe/
Fire
fûc
/fuːk/
Sun
soreli
/soˈreːli/
Moon
lune
/ˈlune/
Star
stele
/ˈstɛle/
Mother
mari
/ˈmaːri/
Father
pari
/ˈpaːri/
I
jo
/jɔ/
You
tu
/tu/
Name
non
/non/
Eye
voli
/ˈvoli/
Hand
man
/maŋ/
Heart
cûr
/kuːr/
Love
amôr
/aˈmoːr/
Tree
arbul
/ˈarbul/
House
cjase
/ˈcaːse/
Dog
cjan
/caŋ/
Cat
gjat
/ɟat/
Eat
mangjâ
/manˈɲaː/
Drink
bevi
/ˈbeːvi/
One
un
/uŋ/
Two
doi
/doj/
Hello
mandi
/ˈmandi/
Thank you
graziis
/ˈɡraːtsjis/
Good
bon
/boŋ/
Cuckoo
cuc
/kuk/
Computer
computer
/komˈpjuter/
Sushi
sushi
/ˈsuʃi/
Sources
Words compared
Compared with related Romance (Rhaeto-Romance) languages
| Meaning | Friulian | Lombard | Ladin | Piedmontese | Italian | Tabarchino | Ligurian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | aghe /ˈaɡe/ | aqua /ˈaːkwa/ | ega /ˈeɡa/ | eva /ˈeva/ | acqua /ˈakkwa/ | ægua /ˈɛɡwa/ | ægoa /ɛɡwa/ |
| Fire | fûc /fuːk/ | fœg /føːk/ | füch /fyk/ | feu /føː/ | fuoco /ˈfwɔːko/ | feûgu /ˈføɡu/ | fêugo /føɡu/ |
| Sun | soreli /soˈreːli/ | sô /soː/ | surëdl /suˈrəːdl/ | sol /sol/ | sole /ˈsoːle/ | su /ˈsu/ | sô /suː/ |
| Moon | lune /ˈlune/ | lüna /ˈlyna/ | löna /ˈløːna/ | lun-a /ˈlyŋa/ | luna /ˈluːna/ | lugna /ˈlyɲa/ | lùn-a /lyna/ |
| Star | stele /ˈstɛle/ | stella /ˈstɛla/ | stëila /ˈstəila/ | stèila /ˈstɛjla/ | stella /ˈstɛlla/ | stella /ˈstɛlːa/ | stella /ˈstelːa/ |
| Mother | mari /ˈmaːri/ | mader /ˈmaːder/ | uma /ˈuma/ | mare /ˈmare/ | madre /ˈmaːdre/ | maire /ˈmajre/ | moæ /mwɛ/ |
| Father | pari /ˈpaːri/ | pader /ˈpaːder/ | pere /ˈpere/ | pare /ˈpare/ | padre /ˈpaːdre/ | paire /ˈpajre/ | poæ /pwɛ/ |
| I | jo /jɔ/ | mì /mi/ | ie /je/ | mi /mi/ | io /ˈio/ | mi /mi/ | mi /mi/ |
| You | tu /tu/ | tì /ti/ | tu /tu/ | ti /ti/ | tu /tu/ | ti /ti/ | ti /ti/ |
| Name | non /non/ | nòmm /nɔm/ | inom /iˈnɔm/ | nòm /nɔm/ | nome /ˈnome/ | nomme /ˈnɔmːe/ | nomme /ˈnomme/ |
| Eye | voli /ˈvoli/ | öcc /øtʃ/ | uedl /ˈwəːdl/ | euj /øj/ | occhio /ˈɔkkjo/ | öggiu /ˈødʒu/ | euggio /ødʒu/ |
| Hand | man /maŋ/ | man /maŋ/ | man /maŋ/ | man /maŋ/ | mano /ˈmaːno/ | mòn /mɔŋ/ | man /maŋ/ |
| Heart | cûr /kuːr/ | cör /kør/ | cuer /kweɾ/ | cheur /kør/ | cuore /ˈkwɔːre/ | chêu /kø/ | chêu /køː/ |
| Love | amôr /aˈmoːr/ | amor /aˈmuːr/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmur/ | amore /aˈmoːre/ | amù /aˈmu/ | amô /amuː/ |
| Tree | arbul /ˈarbul/ | albar /ˈalbar/ | albe /ˈalbe/ | àrbol /ˈarbol/ | albero /ˈalbero/ | âbu /ˈaːbu/ | ærbo /ɛrbu/ |
| House | cjase /ˈcaːse/ | cà /kaː/ | ciasa /ˈʧaza/ | ca /ka/ | casa /ˈkaːsa/ | cà /ka/ | câza /kaːza/ |
| Dog | cjan /caŋ/ | can /kan/ | cian /ʧaŋ/ | can /kaŋ/ | cane /ˈkaːne/ | can /kaŋ/ | can /kaŋ/ |
| Cat | gjat /ɟat/ | gat /ɡat/ | giat /ʤat/ | gat /ɡat/ | gatto /ˈɡatto/ | gatu /ˈɡatu/ | gatto /ɡatu/ |
| Eat | mangjâ /manˈɲaː/ | mangià /maɲˈdʒaː/ | mangé /manˈʤe/ | mangé /maɲˈdʒe/ | mangiare /manˈdʒaːre/ | mangià /manˈdʒa/ | mangiâ /mandʒaː/ |
| Drink | bevi /ˈbeːvi/ | bev /bev/ | bever /ˈbever/ | bèive /ˈbɛive/ | bere /ˈbeːre/ | beive /ˈbejve/ | béive /bejve/ |
| One | un /uŋ/ | vün /vyŋ/ | un /un/ | un /yŋ/ | uno /ˈuːno/ | un /uŋ/ | un /uŋ/ |
| Two | doi /doj/ | duu /dy/ | doi /dɔi/ | doi /dui/ | due /ˈdue/ | dui /ˈdui/ | dôi /ˈdui/ |
| Hello | mandi /ˈmandi/ | ciao /ˈtʃaːo/ | bun de /buŋ ˈde/ | ciao /tʃao/ | ciao /ˈtʃaːo/ | ciau /tʃaw/ | ciâo /tʃaː/ |
| Thank you | graziis /ˈɡraːtsjis/ | gràzie /ˈɡrasje/ | dilan /diˈlaŋ/ | gràssie /ˈɡrasːie/ | grazie /ˈɡrattsje/ | graçie /ˈɡrasje/ | graçie /ɡrasje/ |
| Good | bon /boŋ/ | bun /buŋ/ | bon /boŋ/ | bon /buŋ/ | buono /ˈbwɔːno/ | bon /buŋ/ | bon /buŋ/ |
| Cuckoo | cuc /kuk/ | cùcch /ˈkuk/ | cuch /kuk/ | coco /ˈkuku/ | cuculo /ˈkuːkulo/ | — | cùcco /ˈkuku/ |
| Computer | computer /komˈpjuter/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ | computer /komˈpju.ter/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃ.ʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
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