Lahu hkâw

Lahu

Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Loloish)

FamilySino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Loloish) Speakers~750K ScriptLatin (with tone diacritics) CountriesChina (Yunnan), Myanmar, Thailand, Laos Official inNo (recognized minority China, Myanmar) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3lhu

Lahu (Ladhof) is a Loloish (Yi-branch) Tibeto-Burman language spoken across the highlands of southwestern China (Yunnan), eastern Myanmar (Shan State), northern Thailand (Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai), Laos, and Vietnam, with ~750K speakers. It is divided into Lahu Na (Black Lahu) and Lahu Shi (Yellow Lahu). The Latin orthography developed by missionaries in the early 20th century has 7 distinct tones marked by superscript symbols (ˆ ˇ ˉ etc. plus underscore) — a sophisticated tone-marking system. Lahu has SOV word order and clause-final tense-aspect-mood particles.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Lahu

Water

ɨˆ

/ɯ̂/

Fire

a-mí

/amí/

Sun

mvuhˇ-nyiˉ

/muʔ ɲí/

Moon

ha-pa

/hapa/

Mother

e

/e/

Father

a-pa

/apa/

Eat

caˆ

/tsâ/

Drink

dawˇ

/dàʔ/

Love

haˆ

/hâ/

Heart

nyiˉ-ma

/ɲíma/

Tree

shi-pa

/ʃìpa/

House

yaˇ

/jâʔ/

Dog

phuˇ-pheh

/pʰùpʰɛʔ/

Cat

maˇ-niˆ

/mâníʔ/

Hand

lɔˆ

/lɔ̂/

Eye

mɛhˇ

/mɛ̂ʔ/

Hello

ô-bo-haˇ

/óbohâʔ/

Thank you

a-bo-shaˇ

/abôʃâʔ/

One

/tê/

Good

daˇ

/dâʔ/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Loloish) languages

Meaning LahuLisuBurmeseRakhineLadakhiSherpaSikkimese
Water ɨˆ /ɯ̂/ yi /ji/ ရေ /jè/ ရေ /ɹeː/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/
Fire a-mí /amí/ a-mi /ami/ မီး /mí/ မီး /mí/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/
Sun mvuhˇ-nyiˉ /muʔ ɲí/ mei-lo /mejlo/ နေ /nè/ နေ /nè/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/
Moon ha-pa /hapa/ cha-mi /tʃami/ /la̰/ /la/ ཟླ་བ /zlawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/
Mother e /e/ ma /ma/ အမေ /ʔəmè/ အမေ /ʔəmeː/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/ ཨ་མ /ama/
Father a-pa /apa/ a-pa /apa/ အဖေ /ʔəpʰè/ အဖေ /ʔəpʰeː/ ཨ་པ /apa/ ཨ་པ /apa/ ཨ་པ /apa/
Eat caˆ /tsâ/ dza /tsa/ စား /sá/ စား /sá/ /za/ /za/ /za/
Drink dawˇ /dàʔ/ dao /dao/ သောက် /θauʔ/ သာက် /θaˀ/ འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ འཐུང /tʰuŋ/
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