Djambarrpuyŋu

Djambarrpuyngu

Pama-Nyungan (Yolŋu, Dhuwal)

FamilyPama-Nyungan (Yolŋu, Dhuwal) Speakers~3.8K ScriptLatin (Yolŋu Matha orthography) CountriesAustralia Official inNo (Australia has no official language in law and the Northern Territory recognises none of its Aboriginal languages, though Djambarrpuyŋu is used in NT bilingual schooling, public-service interpreting and Yolŋu radio) Vitalitydefinitely endangered ISO 639-3djr

Djambarrpuyŋu is a Yolŋu Matha variety of the Dhuwal group, spoken across north-east Arnhem Land in Australia's Northern Territory and centred on Galiwin'ku (Elcho Island). It is the most widely spoken Aboriginal language of the region and works as a lingua franca between Yolŋu clans, which is why the 2021 census counted about 3,800 speakers — more than for almost any other traditional Australian language. Grammatically it is Pama-Nyungan: heavily case-marking, with very free word order and a pronoun system distinguishing singular, dual and plural as well as inclusive and exclusive 'we'. Its lexicon carries a distinctive layer of Macassan loans from centuries of trepang trade with Sulawesi — walu 'sun, day' is traced to Makasar allo. Unusually for an Australian language it is still acquired by children as a first language, and it has a complete New Testament (2008) as well as a large dictionary and reference grammar.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Djambarrpuyngu

Water

gapu

/ɡapu/

Fire

gurtha

/ɡuɻt̪a/

Sun

walu

/walu/

Moon

ŋaḻindi

/ŋaɭindi/

Star

ganyu

/ɡaɲu/

Mother

ŋäṉḏi

/ŋaːɳɖi/

Father

bäpa

/baːpa/

I

ŋarra

/ŋara/

You

nhe

/n̪e/

Name

yäku

/jaːku/

Eye

mel

/mel/

Hand

goŋ

/ɡoŋ/

Heart

ḏoṯurrk

/ɖoʈurk/

Love

djäl

/ɟaːl/

Tree

dharpa

/d̪aɻpa/

House

buṉbu

/buɳbu/

Dog

wuŋgan

/wuŋɡan/

Cat

butjikit

/bucikit/

Eat

ḻuka

/ɭuka/

Drink

ḻuka

/ɭuka/

One

waŋgany

/waŋɡaɲ/

Two

märrma'

/maːrmaʔ/

Hello

Nhämirri nhe?

/n̪aːmiri n̪e/

Thank you

/—/

Good

manymak

/maɲmak/

Words compared

Compared with related Pama-Nyungan (Yolŋu, Dhuwal) languages

Meaning DjambarrpuynguWarlpiriMartu WangkaNhandaOlkolNgunnawalNoongar
Water gapu /ɡapu/ ngapa /ŋapa/ kapi /kapi/ kapi /kapi/ kupa /kupa/ kungal /kuŋal/ kep /kep/
Fire gurtha /ɡuɻt̪a/ warlu /waɭu/ waru /waɾu/ warla /waɻla/ paral /paɻal/ warba /waɻba/ kaarl /kaːɻl/
Sun walu /walu/ wanta /wanta/ tjirntu /cɪɳʈu/ wurʼa /wuɾʔa/ naŋkari /naŋkaɻi/ guma /ɡuma/ ngangk /ŋaŋk/
Moon ŋaḻindi /ŋaɭindi/ pira /piɻa/ kayalany /kajalaɲ/ kanyala /kaɲala/ kakal /kakal/ birrang /biɻaŋ/ miyak /mijak/
Star ganyu /ɡaɲu/ wanjirlpirri /waɲɟiɭpiri/ piriny /piriɲ/ indiya /indija/ el idnban /el ˈidnban/ dyurra /ɟura/ djinda /ɟinda/
Mother ŋäṉḏi /ŋaːɳɖi/ ngati /ŋati/ yakaji /jakaɟi/ ngamaji /ŋamadʒi/ ngangi /ŋaŋi/ guni /ɡuni/ ngangk /ŋaŋk/
Father bäpa /baːpa/ kirda /kiɖa/ mama /mama/ kuthurra /kutʰuɻa/ kaba /kaba/ pumba /pumba/ maam /maːm/
I ŋarra /ŋara/ ngaju /ŋaɟu/ ngayu /ŋaju/ ngayi /ŋaji/ ay /aj/ ngaya /ŋaja/ ngany /ŋaɲ/
Page 1/4

Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.