Ẹ̀dó

Edo language

Niger-Congo (Edoid)

FamilyNiger-Congo (Edoid) Speakers~2–2.3M L1 (Nigeria) ScriptLatin alphabet with diacritics: grave (à = low tone), acute (á = high tone) Official inRecognized regional language of Edo State; de facto language of provincial identity; used in education; no national constitutional

Edo, also known as Bini and written Ẹ̀dó (ISO 639-3: bin), is a North-Central Edoid language of the Niger-Congo family spoken chiefly in and around Benin City in Edo State, southern Nigeria. It is the heritage language of the Edo people and was the principal language of the historic Kingdom of Benin; modern estimates commonly place its speaker population around two million. Edo is tonal and has seven oral vowel qualities /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/, represented in standard Latin orthography with letters including ẹ and ọ; tone marks may be written where needed. It remains widely used in community life, traditional institutions, broadcasting, literature, and education, and Glottolog classifies it as an educational language rather than endangered.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Edo language

Water

amẹ

/ame/

Fire

erhẹn

/eɾɛ̃/

Sun

ava

/ava/

Moon

uki

/uki/

Star

orivbi

/oˈɾiβi/

Mother

/—/

Father

érhá

/eɾa/

I

mẹ

/mɛ̃/

You

wẹ

/wɛ/

Name

eni

/ẽ̀nĩ̀/

Eye

aro

/aro/

Hand

obo

/obo/

Heart

orhio

/oɾio/

Love

arhuẹmwonmwan

/arhuemwonmwan/

Tree

orẹ

/ore/

House

owa

/owa/

Dog

awa-oshi

/awa.oʃi/

Cat

apusi

/apusi/

Eat

re

/re/

Drink

da

/da/

One

okpa

/okpa/

Two

eva

/èʋà/

Hello

kóyo

/kojo/

Thank you

ù rú èsé

/u ru ese/

Good

ma

/ma/

Words compared

Compared with related Niger-Congo (Edoid) languages

Meaning Edo languageUrhoboYekheeIsokoRwaHereroYagaria
Water amẹ /ame/ ame /ame/ amen /amen/ ame /ame/ mende /mende/ omeva /omeva/ nofa /nofa/
Fire erhẹn /eɾɛ̃/ erane /eɾane/ eria /eɾia/ erae /eɾae/ msika /msika/ omuriro /omuriro/ yo /jo/
Sun ava /ava/ ọvẹ /ɔvɛ/ ovan /ovan/ ọvẹ /ɔvɛ/ mlao /mlao/ eyuva /ejuva/ kena /kena/
Moon uki /uki/ emẹrẹ /emɛɾɛ/ ukpoki /ukpoki/ ọwa /ɔwa/ mwere /mwere/ omueze /omueze/ ulu /ulu/
Star orivbi /oˈɾiβi/ isi /isi/ isi /isi/ esi /esi/ nyenyeri /ɲeɲeri/ onyose /oˈɲose/ gale /ɡale/
Mother /—/ onie /onie/ iye /ije/ oni /oni/ mama /mama/ mama /mama/ nene /nene/
Father érhá /eɾa/ ọsẹ /ɔsɛ/ ada /ada/ ọsẹ /ɔsɛ/ baba /baba/ tate /tate/ papa /papa/
I mẹ /mɛ̃/ mẹ /mɛ/ mẹ /mɛ/ mẹ /mɛ/ inyi /iɲi/ ami /ami/ dgai /dɡai/
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