Bahsa Acèh

Acehnese

Austronesian (Chamic)

FamilyAustronesian (Chamic) Speakers~3.5M ScriptLatin, Jawi (historical) CountriesIndonesia (Aceh) Official inNo (regional, Aceh) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3ace

Acehnese (Bahsa Acèh) is the language of the Aceh Special Region of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, with ~3.5M speakers. Linguistically unusual among Indonesian languages — it belongs to the Chamic branch of Austronesian (along with Cham of Vietnam/Cambodia and Jarai), indicating ancient migration from mainland Southeast Asia (Funan/Champa) to Sumatra around the 1st millennium CE. Has a complex 10-vowel system (with high/low oral and 4 nasalized vowels), an unusual two-way pharyngealization contrast, and a focus-marking system. Historically written in Jawi (Arabic-derived script) for Islamic texts; today usually in Latin script with é è ô. The Aceh Sultanate (1496–1903) was a major Islamic regional power.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Acehnese

Water

ie

/ie/

Fire

apui

/apui/

Sun

mata uroe

/mata uɾoe/

Moon

buleun

/bulɯn/

Mother

mak

/maʔ/

Father

ayah

/ajah/

Eat

pajôh

/padʒoh/

Drink

jep

/dʒep/

Love

gaséh

/ɡaseh/

Heart

até

/ate/

Tree

bak

/baʔ/

House

rumoh

/ɾumɔh/

Dog

asèe

/asɛː/

Cat

miong

/mioŋ/

Hand

jaroe

/dʒaɾoe/

Eye

mata

/mata/

Hello

assalamualaikum

/assalamualaikum/

Thank you

trimong gaséh

/tɾimoŋ ɡaseh/

One

sa

/sa/

Good

gèt

/ɡɛt/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Austronesian (Chamic) languages

Meaning AcehneseSasakMinangkabauBanjarPatani MalayMalayIban
Water ie /ie/ aiq /aiʔ/ aia /aia/ banyu /baɲu/ ayé /ajeʔ/ air /ˈa.ir/ ai /ai/
Fire apui /apui/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/
Sun mata uroe /mata uɾoe/ mataari /mataari/ matoari /matoaɾi/ matahari /matahari/ matari /mataʁe/ matahari /matahari/ mata-ari /mataari/
Moon buleun /bulɯn/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulé /buleʔ/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/
Mother mak /maʔ/ inaq /inaʔ/ amak /amaʔ/ uma /uma/ emak /əmaʔ/ ibu /ibu/ indai /indai/
Father ayah /ajah/ amaq /amaʔ/ abak /abaʔ/ abah /abah/ aboh /aboh/ ayah /ajah/ apai /apai/
Eat pajôh /padʒoh/ mangan /maŋan/ makan /makan/ makan /makan/ makae /makajɛ/ makan /makan/ makai /makai/
Drink jep /dʒep/ nginem /ŋinəm/ minum /minum/ nginum /ŋinum/ minon /minon/ minum /minum/ ngirup /ŋirup/
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