Setswana

Tswana

Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Sotho-Tswana)

FamilyAtlantic-Congo (Bantu, Sotho-Tswana) Speakers~14M ScriptLatin CountriesBotswana, South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe Official inBotswana, South Africa Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3tsn

Tswana (Setswana) is a Bantu language of the Sotho-Tswana group, the national language of Botswana and one of South Africa's 11 official languages, with ~14M speakers. Closely related to Northern Sotho (Pedi) and Southern Sotho (Sesotho), sharing the Sotho-Tswana clade with characteristic lateral fricatives /ɬ ɮ/ (written tlh, dlh). Has 17–18 noun classes, with concord prefixes throughout the noun phrase, verb conjugations, and pronouns — typical Bantu noun-class system. Major literature includes the missionary translation of the Bible (Robert Moffat, 1857) and works of Sol Plaatje, founder of the African National Congress.

Where it is spoken

20 core words in Tswana

Water

metsi

/metsi/

Fire

molelo

/moleːlo/

Sun

letsatsi

/letsatsi/

Moon

ngwedi

/ŋwedi/

Mother

mmê

/mːɛ/

Father

rrê

/rːɛ/

Eat

ja

/dʒa/

Drink

nwa

/nwa/

Love

lerato

/leɾato/

Heart

pelo

/peːlo/

Tree

setlhare

/setɬʰaɾe/

House

ntlo

/ntɬo/

Dog

ntša

/ntʃa/

Cat

katse

/katse/

Hand

seatla

/seatɬa/

Eye

leitlho

/leitɬʰo/

Hello

dumela

/dumeːla/

Thank you

ke a leboga

/ke a leboɣa/

One

nngwe

/ŋːwe/

Good

siame

/siaːme/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Sotho-Tswana) languages

Meaning TswanaSesothoNorthern SothoVendaLoziTsongaSwazi
Water metsi /metsi/ metsi /metsi/ meetse /meːtse/ maḓi /maɖi/ mezi /mezi/ mati /mati/ emanti /emanti/
Fire molelo /moleːlo/ mollo /molːo/ mollo /molːo/ mulilo /mulilo/ mulilo /mulilo/ ndzilo /ndzilo/ umlilo /umlilo/
Sun letsatsi /letsatsi/ letsatsi /letsatsi/ letšatši /letʃatʃi/ ḓuvha /ɖuvʱa/ lizazi /lizazi/ dyambu /dʒambu/ lilanga /lilaŋɡa/
Moon ngwedi /ŋwedi/ khoeli /kʰwɛːli/ ngwedi /ŋwedi/ ṅwedzi /ŋwedzi/ kweli /kweli/ n'weti /ŋweti/ inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/
Mother mmê /mːɛ/ mmè /mːɛ/ mma /mːa/ mme /mːe/ ma /ma/ manana /manana/ make /make/
Father rrê /rːɛ/ ntate /ntate/ tate /tate/ khotsi /kʰotsi/ ndate /ndate/ tatana /tatana/ babe /ɓaɓe/
Eat ja /dʒa/ ho ja /ho dʒa/ go ja /ɡodʒa/ u ḽa /u ɭa/ kuca /kut͡sa/ ku dya /ku dʒa/ kudla /kuɮa/
Drink nwa /nwa/ ho noa /ho noa/ go nwa /ɡonwa/ u ṅwa /u ŋwa/ kunwa /kunwa/ ku nwa /ku nwa/ kunatsa /kunatsa/
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