Setswana

Tswana

Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Sotho-Tswana)

FamilyAtlantic-Congo (Bantu, Sotho-Tswana) Speakers~14M ScriptLatin CountriesBotswana, South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe Official inBotswana, South Africa Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3tsn

Tswana (Setswana) is a Bantu language of the Sotho-Tswana group, the national language of Botswana and one of South Africa's 11 official languages, with ~14M speakers. Closely related to Northern Sotho (Pedi) and Southern Sotho (Sesotho), sharing the Sotho-Tswana clade with characteristic lateral fricatives /ɬ ɮ/ (written tlh, dlh). Has 17–18 noun classes, with concord prefixes throughout the noun phrase, verb conjugations, and pronouns — typical Bantu noun-class system. Major literature includes the missionary translation of the Bible (Robert Moffat, 1857) and works of Sol Plaatje, founder of the African National Congress.

Where it is spoken

31 core words in Tswana

Water

metsi

/metsi/

Fire

molelo

/moleːlo/

Sun

letsatsi

/letsatsi/

Moon

ngwedi

/ŋwedi/

Star

naledi

/naledi/

Mother

mmê

/mːɛ/

Father

rrê

/rːɛ/

I

nna

/nːa/

You

wena

/wena/

Name

leina

/leina/

Eye

leitlho

/leitɬʰo/

Hand

seatla

/seatɬa/

Heart

pelo

/peːlo/

Love

lerato

/leɾato/

Tree

setlhare

/setɬʰaɾe/

House

ntlo

/ntɬo/

Dog

ntša

/ntʃa/

Cat

katse

/katse/

Eat

ja

/dʒa/

Drink

nwa

/nwa/

One

nngwe

/ŋːwe/

Two

pedi

/pedi/

Hello

dumela

/dumeːla/

Thank you

ke a leboga

/ke a leboɣa/

Good

siame

/siaːme/

Computer

khomphuta

/kʰompʰuta/

Sources

Words compared

Compared with related Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Sotho-Tswana) languages

Meaning TswanaNorthern SothoSesothoLoziVendaTsongaXhosa
Water metsi /metsi/ meetse /meːtse/ metsi /metsi/ mezi /mezi/ maḓi /maɖi/ mati /mati/ amanzi /amaːnzi/
Fire molelo /moleːlo/ mollo /molːo/ mollo /molːo/ mulilo /mulilo/ mulilo /mulilo/ ndzilo /ndzilo/ umlilo /umlilo/
Sun letsatsi /letsatsi/ letšatši /letʃatʃi/ letsatsi /letsatsi/ lizazi /lizazi/ ḓuvha /ɖuvʱa/ dyambu /dʒambu/ ilanga /ilaːŋɡa/
Moon ngwedi /ŋwedi/ ngwedi /ŋwedi/ khoeli /kʰwɛːli/ kweli /kweli/ ṅwedzi /ŋwedzi/ n'weti /ŋweti/ inyanga /iɲaːŋɡa/
Star naledi /naledi/ naledi /naledi/ naledi /naledi/ naleli /naleli/ ṋaledzi /n̪aledzi/ nyeleti /ɲeleti/ inkwenkwezi /iŋkʷeŋkʷezi/
Mother mmê /mːɛ/ mma /mːa/ mmè /mːɛ/ ma /ma/ mme /mːe/ manana /manana/ umama /umaːma/
Father rrê /rːɛ/ tate /tate/ ntate /ntate/ ndate /ndate/ khotsi /kʰotsi/ tatana /tatana/ utata /utaːta/
I nna /nːa/ nna /nna/ nna /nːa/ na /na/ nṋe /n̪ːe/ mina /mina/ mna /mna/
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